1. Chapter 28-2: Texas Judicial Branch and Courts Systems
Guided Notes

2. Texas Judicial System A. Consists of : Courts Judges
Law enforcement agencies
B. Serves the purposes of:
Supporting a system for the trial and punishment of criminals
Providing a system to arbitrate (resolve) legal disputes
Deciding the meaning and enforcement of state laws

3. Texas’s Judicial System
C. Has Authority over:
Texas Civil Law
Texas Criminal Law, as
well as the right to oversee
Legality of laws passed by Legislative branch and Executive branch of Texas government

4. Texas Civil Law A. Civil Law pertains to legal disputes between:
Private citizens
Businesses
Governments
B. Most civil cases concern disputes about:
1) Money
2) Property
3) Insurance claims
4) Child custody and support

5. C. Criminal Law: 1. Laws that describe what people can and cannot do.
2. It deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses.
3. There are two types of offenses:
A felony is a "very serious" crime.
A misdemeanor is a "lesser" criminal act.

6. D. Felony
Felons can receive punishments which range in severity from probation, imprisonment, and execution.

7. Punishments Can Include:
Loss of voting rights
Exclusion from certain jobs
Restricted from:
Obtaining certain licenses
Purchase/possession of firearms
Running for public office

8. E. Misdemeanors Misdemeanors are less severe than felonies.
In general, misdemeanors are crimes with a maximum punishment of 12 months or less of incarceration, typically in a local jail.

9. E. Misdemeanors
Often punished with probation, community service or part-time imprisonment, served on the weekends.
Misdemeanors never result in the loss of civil rights, but may result in loss of privileges, such as professional licenses, public offices, or public employment

10. F. Plea Bargain
This is made when a person charged with a crime (defendant) agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge.

11. G. The Jury System
1. Grand Jury: Decides whether a trial is warranted (legally necessary)
Consists of 12 citizens called jurors
At least 9 out of 12 jurors must agree on whether decision of trial

12. 2. Petit Jury: Decides verdict.
Verdict must be unanimous: all guilty or all not guilty.
Depending on case, either the judge or jury decides sentence.

13. H. Jury Bills
When there is enough evidence for a trial, the “charge” is called “true bill”
When there is not enough evidence for a trial, the “charge” against a person is called “no bill” and dropped

14. (3) Texas Trial Courts

15. (3) TEXAS TRIAL COURTS
1. District Courts: Most Texas District courts try BOTH criminal and civil cases
2. County Courts: Texas Constitution requires each of the 254 counties in Texas to have at least one county court
County courts try Civil cases between $ and $5, and criminal misdemeanor cases with fine over $2,000.00
3A. Municipal Courts: Located in larger cities. Violations of city ordinances and Misdemeanor cases with maximum fines below $2,000.00

16. 3B. Justice of the Peace Located in small towns and rural areas
Try civil cases
Minor criminal cases
Issue search warrants
Perform marriages
Set bail costs
Determine cause of death
Can send cases to higher courts

17. Appeals Courts 14 Courts of Appeals
Listen to Civil and Criminal cases appealed from District or County courts.
Each Court of Appeals has at least 3 justices, including a presiding chief justice.
The specific number of justices on each court is established by the Legislature.
Judges on the Texas Courts of Appeals serve
6-year terms

18. Justice for Juveniles
Texas Department of Juvenile Corrections oversees 1)juvenile trials,2) facilities, 3) boot camps, 4) courts, and 5) rehabilitation for offenders
up to the age of 18

19. Famous Texan Judges
In 1978 Raul A. González became the first Hispanic appointed or elected to statewide office in He later served as Texas State Judge for the Court of Appeals and Texas Supreme Court.

20. Famous Texan Judges
The current and 48th governor of Texas, Greg Abbott, is a former Attorney General of Texas. He was also a former justice on the Texas Supreme Court. He was appointed in 1995 by then-Governor George W. Bush.