1. Genetic Engineering

2. Genetic Engineering
The process of manipulating genes for practical purposes.

3. Four steps to Genetic Engineering Experiment
Cleave (cut) DNA (gene of interest)
Make recombinant DNA
Clone the cells
Screen the cells (southern blot test)

4. vocabulary
Restriction enzyme
Vector
Plamids
Recombinant DNA

5. Southern Blot Test
Confirms if a cloned gene is present (screening step of GE exp.)
Gel electrophoresis -

6. Genetic Engineering in Medicine and Society
List several medicines that have been genetically engineered.
Insulin, Factor VIII (hemophilia)
Vaccine – preparation of a weakended or killed pathogens used to produce immunity to a disease.

7. Genetic Engineering in Animals
30% of milk in US is from cows that have been injected with hormones make by recombinant DNA techniques to increase milk production.
Pigs genetically engineered to produce leaner meat.
Transgenic salmon that grows faster.

8. Genetic Engineering in Agriculture
List 3 ways in which genetic engineering has been used to improve plants.
Bt toxin, when ingested by insects, kills them.
Resistance to herbicides, gene destroys weeds
Resistance to viruses (tobacco mosaic virus)

9. Gene Therapy
What is gene therapy? Changing a gene to treat a medical disease or disorder. A faulty or absent gene is replaced by a normal, working gene.
List several diseases being treated with Gene therapy
Cystic fibrosis, SCID (severe combined immune disorder)

10. DNA fingerprint
Define: tool used by biologists that analyzes an individual’s unique collection of DNA restriction fragments.
How can this be used? Forensics, to determine whether 2 samples of genetic material fre form the same person.

11. Cloning – genetically identical cells produced from a single cell.
Explain how clone a sheep from mammary glands. Egg cell is taken from an adult female sheep, nucleus is removed. Donor cell is taken from sheep udder. The two cells are fused using electric shock, cell begins dividing, embryo is placed in uterus of foster mother, embryo develops into lamb.
What is a transgenic animal? Containing genes from another species