1. Art, Philosophy, & Science
Greek Achievements
Art, Philosophy, & Science

2. Sculpture and Paintings
People were portrayed in their ideal form, paying close attention to details.
Marble and stone were realistically carved, showing muscle and detail of fabric.
Painting on pottery were usually only done in two colors (red and black)

3. The Classical Greek “Ideal”

4. Discus Thrower (Discobolus)
by Myron

5. Phidias’ Athena Parthenos 2002 – Nashville Replica

6. Orders of Architecture
Greek architecture had three orders: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian.
Each of these orders is clear when you look at the building’s columns.
Doric
(simple)
Ionic
(scrolls)
Corinthian
(acanthus
leaves)

7. Greek Columns – main feature of Greek Architecture
3 types of columns
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian
Still used today in modern architecture
Where have you seen columns used in modern architecture?

8. Temples Were designed using columns on the exterior
The Parthenon is the most impressive of temples still standing
The exterior and interior were decorated with carvings
Phidias created a large statue of Athena on the inside

10. Writing Greeks created new forms of writing (drama and history)
Drama was part of religious ceremonies.
Scenes were performed by actors and singers to honor the gods.
Attending these plays became one of the most popular form of entertainment

11. Writers of Tragedies Described hardships faced by Greek heroes
Famous writers of tragedy
Aeschylus - the father of tragedy
Sophocles wrote the famous play “Oedipus the King,” about a man who unknowingly kills is his father.

12. Comedies Made fun of people and ideas
Aristophanes - used comedy to make serious points about war, courts of law, and famous people

13. History
Thucydides was an Athenian who wrote about the Peloponesian War.
He tried to keep his account neutral.
Other historians after Thucydides wrote in a similar style.

14. Philosophy
A group of people who began to question the explanations about life that Greek mythology gave
Believed in the power of the human mind to think, explain, and understand life.

15. Socrates The greatest philosopher
Socratic method - would teach by presenting a question and then challenging the answer
He encouraged students to question their own beliefs
This made leaders angry and he was tried and found guilty of corrupting the youth
His friends and students watched on as Socrates was given hemlock, drank it, and died

16. Plato Was a student of Socrates Started a school - The Academy
His most famous writing was The Republic
The Republic talked about Plato’s idea for an ideal society based on justice and fairness, and run by philosophers

17. Aristotle A student of Plato
Believed everything should be done in moderation (not too greedy nor too giving)
Believed moderation was based on reason (clear and ordered thinking)
Made great advances in logic. He argued that you could use facts to figure out new facts.
Aristotle inspired Greek scientists to look closely at the world we live in.

18. Mathematics Euclid - was a mathematician who focused on geometry
Many of the geometry rules you study in math comes from him
Hypatia - female who taught mathematics and astronomy

19. Medicine Doctors studied the human body to understand how it worked.
Hippocrates - wanted to find ways to cure disease.
Best known for the Hippocratic Oath - how doctors should behave.

20. Science/Engineering Archimedes (Physics) (287-212 BC)
Figured out value of “PI” – pretty close to it anyways
He is called the "father of integral calculus" and also the "father of mathematical physics”
Considered one the greatest mathematicians and inventers ever to live
 Lever – idea thought up by Archimedes

21. Archimedes Screw – meant to raise water

22. Archimedes Screw in Use…

24. Mathematics Pythagoras Euclid
Believed everything could be explained in terms of mathematics
Pythagorean theorem – the length of the longest side of a triangle can be found using the two shorter sides
Euclid
Known for his influence on the field of “Geometry”
Wrote one of the most influential books ever on mathematics the Elements

25. Which of the people that we discussed today do you believe had the greatest influence on our society today? Why do you believe that?