1. Nutritional/Metabolic Problems in Sheep

2. Young Lambs Enterotoxemia u Clostridium perfringens type C Symptoms u Sudden death in 7-21 day old lambs

3. Young Lambs.... continued Prevention u Booster dams in late gestation u Vaccinate lambs at 21 days and weaning u Orphan vaccination u Maximum colostrum intake Misdiagnosed-selenium/Vit. E deficiency

4. GoiterGoiter Symptoms u Enlarged thyroid u Poor wool coat at birth u Low vigor/survival

5. Goiter..... continued Prevention u Iodized salt u Compensate for goitergens (kale, brassicas, etc.)

6. Finishing Lambs Enterotoxemia/OvereatingSymptoms u Best doing lambs u Uncoordinated movement u Rapid death

7. Finishing Lambs... continued Prevention u Vaccination - toxoid u Bunk management u Gradual ration changes u Antibiotics Misdiagnosed-polio and Vit. E/Se deficiency, pneumonia

8. Urinary Calculi Wether lambs and stud rams Several types-phosphate, calcium, silica Problem-concentrates are low in calcium and high in phosphorous

9. Urinary Calculi... continued Prevention u Water intake u Salt u Ammonium chloride or sulfate u Add calcium to achieve 1.5:1 ratio to phosphorous u Never add phosphorous

10. White Muscle/Stiff Lamb Disease Symptoms u Stiff rear legs and arched back u Sudden death u Aspiration Pneumonia u Poor suckling reflex

11. White Muscle/Stiff Lamb Disease... continued Cause u Deficiency of Vit. E and/or Selenium Note: Selenium is toxic but Vitamin E is not it is also cheap High grain rations reduce Vit. E Newborns only source of E is milk

12. Results - Serum E ewes ConE-GE-LE-GL Pretreatment1.271.26 Pre-lambing1.51 a 1.91 b Post-lambing a.93 a 1.13 b Mid-lactation.97 a.95 a 1.28 b 1.37 b Milk e at 3 days10.815.1 a,b Row means with different superscripts differ (p<.05).

13. Results - Serum E lambs ConE-GE-LE-GL 3 days1.081.08 28 days.41.381.331.33

14. Rectal Prolapse Prevention u Longer tail docking u Less dusty feed u Prevent pneumonia u Shearing u Feed some long fiber

15. PolioencephalomaciaPolioencephalomacia Thiamine deficiency Prevention u Maintain rumen health u Gradual ration changes u Feed some long fiber u Sulpher intake

16. Copper Toxicosis Breed Susceptibility Mineral interactions-Mo & Su, along with high Zn & Ca along with high Zn & Ca Normal copper, low molybdenum

17. Copper Toxicosis... continued Prevention u Sheep specific feeds u No additional copper u Feed some Mo Copper & Molybdenum are both toxic

18. Copper BMPS Sample feed deliveries Monitor feed delivery for appearance and texture Label sample Date, amount, what it was fed to, freeze, store six months Read mineral tag look for sodium molybdate

19. Sheep Mineral, Kansas GUARANTEED ANALYSIS Calcium7% Phos.5% Salt45% Sulfur1% Magnesium1% Zinc150 PPM short Iodine 125 PPM okay Cobalt 150 PPM okay Selenium10 PPM super, super short Better mineral u Calcium not needed with u Phosphorous not needed with u High salt equals lower intake levels ++ u DGM:ISU:2012

20. T.M. SALT w/ Selenium T.M. Salt for sheep GUARANTEED ANALYSIS Salt, min94.00% Salt, max95.00% Zinc, min0.60% 6000 PPM Magnesium, min0.52% 5200 PPM Manganese, min0.25% 2500 PPM Iron, min0.25% 2500 PPM Iodine, min0.01% 100 PPM (short) Cobalt, min0.003% 30 PPM Selenium90 PPM.009% max. PPM = mg/kg

21. DGM:ISU:2012 INGREDIENTS Salt, Vegetable Oil, Calcium Sulfate, Magnesium Oxide, Zinc Oxide, Ferrous Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Sodium Selenite, Cobalt Carbonate, Ethylenediamine Dihydroiodide, Sodium Molybdate.

22. Pregnancy Toxemia Cause - Excess fat catabolism and ketone accumulation Prevention u Over conditioned ewes u Increased conc. feeding LG u Fetal scans u Pre-lambing shearing

23. Pregnancy Toxemia... continued Treatment u Propylene glycol u Induced parturition Severe cases usually do not recover

24. Grass Tetany Hypomagnesia Cause: excess potassium Lactating ewes on lush, spring pasture N fertilization increases risks

25. Grass Tetany... continued Magnesium oxide in mineral poor palatibility. Sudden death-confirmation by necropsy Stress induced

26. Milk Fever Ewes vs. Dairy Cows Cause u Calcium deficiency ?? u Stress induced

27. MIlk Fever... continued Late gestation ewes carrying triplets Symptoms u Depressed, lethargic, recumbent Treatment u Calcium gluconate u Rapid response

28. Wool Pulling Cause u Inadequate dry matter intake u Small particle size, effective fiber u Low phosphorous intake u Starvation

30. Wool Pulling... continued Prevention u Maximum 50% concentration ration u Improved feeding technique u Offer some low quality, long forage u Evaluate phosphorous level

31. Vaginal Prolapses Causes u Overfeeding roughage u Genetics u Short docks u Fat ewes

32. Vaginal Prolapses... continued Prevention u Feed higher quality roughage in LG u Restrict roughage in ration esp. for ewe lambs u Adequate bunk space u Prevent obesity in ewes u Cull problems

33. ListeriaListeria

34. BMP, listeria Corn silage feed adequate amounts correctly stored and harvested Dirt Tub grinder Rotten feed-Feedlot

35. SummarySummary Common sense eliminates most disorders Shepherd mistakes creates a lot of the disorders Seek advice if not sure of whatyou are doing