1. Copyright  2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Computer Architecture Parhami1

2. Copyright  2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Computer Architecture Parhami2

3. Copyright  2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Computer Architecture Parhami3 Figure 21.1 Input/output via a single common bus.

4. Copyright  2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Computer Architecture Parhami4 Figure 21.2 Input/output via intermediate and dedicated I/O buses (to be explained in Chapter 23); AGP (accelerated graphic port) is a shared port, not a bus.

5. Copyright  2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Computer Architecture Parhami5 Figure 21.3 Two mechanical switch designs and the logical layout of a hex keypad.

6. Copyright  2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Computer Architecture Parhami6 Figure 21.4 Mechanical and simple optical mice.

7. Copyright  2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Computer Architecture Parhami7 Figure 21.5 CRT display unit and image storage in frame buffer.

8. Copyright  2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Computer Architecture Parhami8 Figure 21.6 The RGB color scheme of modern CRT displays.

9. Copyright  2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Computer Architecture Parhami9 Figure 21.7 Passive and active LCD displays.

10. Copyright  2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Computer Architecture Parhami10 Figure 21.8 Scanning mechanism for hard-copy input.

11. Copyright  2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Computer Architecture Parhami11 Figure 21.9 Forming the letter “D” via dot matrices of varying sizes.

12. Copyright  2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Computer Architecture Parhami12 Figure 21.10 Ink-jet and laser printers.

13. Copyright  2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Computer Architecture Parhami13 Figure 21.11 Stepper motor principles of operation.

14. Copyright  2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Computer Architecture Parhami14 Figure 21.12 With network-enabled peripherals, I/O is done via file transfers.

15. Copyright  2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Computer Architecture Parhami15 Figure 21.13 The structure of a closed-loop, computer-based control system.