1. Agrienvironmental issues: policies, definition of indicators lists and related implementation process Giampaola Bellini Population census, territory and environment Environmental methodologies and statistics Unit Italy Joint UNECE/EUROSTAT/FAO/OECD Meeting on Food and Agricultural Statistics in Europe Rome, 29 June-1 July 2005

2. This paper is a summary of a project funded under the EU 2003 TAPAS action titled: “Analysis of data needs and availability for implementation of AEI according to DPSIR logical framework.” Istat, G. Bellini (2004) available at http://forum.europa.eu.int/Members/irc/dsis/agrienv/library?l=/agri- environmental&vm=detailed&sb=Title

3. Agrienvironmental issues and related policies Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Rural Development (RD) policy Environmental policy Sustainable Development (SD) policy

4. Targets and reporting activities Common Agricultural Policy Guidelines Reporting activity for financial purpose Rural Development Policy Monitoring policy adoption and implementation Monitoring policy impacts Environmental Policy Monitoring progresses towards defined target Regulations on statistics production

5. Targets and reporting activities Sustainable Development policy –Monitoring the implementation of the EU sustainable development strategy. According to SD strategy agriculture sector is considered responsible for: Emission of ghg Hazardous chemical use Threat to Food safety Loss of biodiversity Waste generation Soil loss and declining fertility

6. Statistical activity on AE issues Definition of indicators (…..and frameworks) aimed at monitoring policy implementation supporting decision making process Data necessary to calculate indicators can be acquired through Surveys (new ones or integration of existing ones) Exploitation of administrative data sources Modelling activities

7. Frameworks & Indicators lists

8. DPSIR framework for EI: relationships between human activities and the environment (OECD, EEA) Framework based on physical features, highlighting interactions between identified components. pressures state impacts Driving forces responses

9. Environmental indicators lists => ESEPI (European System of Environment Pressure Indices) => Irena list (Indicator Reporting on the Integration of Environmental Concerns into Agriculture Policy – AEI list)

10. Other environmental data demand Focuses on pressures and relevant related agricultural practices Ammonia (NH 3 ): NEC Directive and IPPC Directive GHG: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Kyoto Protocol Waste: waste statistics regulation PPPs: proposal for a PPPs statistics regulation

11. Framework for sustainable development indicators - SPC Task force and SEC(2005)161 - Indicators have been grouped by themes and sub-themes, so that related issues can be easely adressed by policy makers. The hierarchical structure consists of three different levels: 1st level refers to the theme and headline indicators are identified, 2nd level refers to the sub-themes and indicators also have been identified for the related sub- sections, 3rd level is available with a more detailed list of indicators. I SD strategy II Policy development III Implementation and analysis

12. Sustainable development indicators: dimensions and integration between themes Social dimension Environmental dimension Indicators for the overlapping areas have been defined too.

13. Framework for sustainable agriculture and rural development indicators SEC(2001)266 Environmental dimension (already addressed in the Irena project) Economic Dimension Social dimension Stocks environmental XXXX man-made human EfficiencyXXXX EquityXXXX

14. Rural development indicators framework Discussion is underway Multi-dimensional Territorial approach Time (monitoring in dynamics) Referring to agriculture sector is generally oriented to investigate: Off-farm & in-farm activites Market & non-market products

15. Analysis of overlapping and missing issues

16. Irena indicator list CHANGES IN FARMER BEHAVIOUR driving forces responses pressures state impacts FARMER BEHAVIOUR Agricultural Practices ECONOMIC and SOCIAL FACTORS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Agro-ecosystem Meteorology Random events NATURAL RESOURCES and other INPUT USE ECOSYSTEM Biodiversity Habitat Landscape NATURAL RESOURCES Soil and water PUBLIC POLICY MARKET SIGNALSGLOBAL ENVIRONMENT EMISSIONS ENERGY USE CONSUMER REACTIONS

17. Overlapping and missing issues Socio-economic issues included in Irena and COM(2001)266 on SA and RD (farmer’s training level, income, subsidies, adoption of organic production method) Issues referring to pressures and drivers generated such as emission and landscape structure included in Irena and & ESEPI lists Emissions and PPPs use are covered by Irena and other specific environmental data demand Missing issue in Irena: Waste generation and management WARNING: lack of attention on agricultural practices

18. Integration of AE issues in statistical activity at national level

19. ThemeSub-themeData source Air pollution, climate change and resource depletion and water pollution (relevant farming practices) Shed characteristics Manure storage Manure storage characteristics (mixed and slurry only) Manure treatment Spreading of manure Spreading of other bio-organic materials Spreading of fertilisers Nutrient distribution practices Soil protection practices Tillage practice Planting to avoid herbicides spreading Crop rotation Crop residues management Farm Strcuture Survey (FSS) Agriculture Census Toxic substances dispersion, loss of biodiversity and water pollution (relevant farming practices) Spreading equipment Spreading decision criterion Fruit trees survey Integrated production Organic farming Fruit trees survey FSS Agriculture Census Pest mangement (area of spreading)FSS, Agriculture Census PPPs (area of spreading)Fruit trees survey, FSS, Agriculture Census List of theme and sub-theme covered at national level and related data source

20. Toxic substances dispersion, loss of biodiversity and water pollution (input use) Use of PPPs (per function - fungicides, insecticides and acaricides, herbicides and other products –) Use of active substances Ad hoc sample survey on farms, Fruit trees survey Water resource (quantitative aspects) Irrigable area Irrigated area Irrigated area by crop type “ “ by irrigation system Kind of water source (surface water, ground water, wastewater treatment plant) Water used for livestock’s drinking purposes (basic data for estimation model) FSS Agriculture Census WasteIn farm generation and management of by-products and waste. FSS..................................and more

21. Conclusions and further work International level –Aims of Indicator lists definition and implementation –Analysis of overlapping and missing issues between indicators lists –Adequate attention to agricultural practices National level –Action needed Coordination of statistical data producers Strengthening modelling activity