1. 1 EMT 251/4 INTRODUCTION TO IC DESIGN Mr. Muhammad Imran bin Ahmad 019-4267902 m.imran@kukum.edu.my Profesor N.S. Murthy

2. 2 Teaching Plan EMT251 Module Aims

3. 3 Course Outcome CO1: Students will be able to design and simulate logic circuits at transistor level using schematic entry as well as netlists format. CO2: Students will be able to produce the layout design of a circuit based on the design rules specified. CO3: Students will be able to analyze CMOS transistor characteristics. CO4: Students will be able present their mini project individually in a viva session.

4. 4 Laboratory (IC Design Lab, 9 th Floor, KWSP) Lab 1, Week2 : Netlist Lab 2, Week3 : Schematic design Lab 3, Week4 : Layout design Lab 4, Week5 : DRC and LVS Week6 – 13 : Mini Project Week14 : Demo & Viva

5. 5 CAD Tools Mentor Graphics software (Linux OS): Text Editor - Netlist Design Architect - Schematic IC Station - Layout Xelga- Simulation Calibre DRC- DRC Calibre LVS- LVS

6. 6 Reading Lists 1) Neil H.E. Weste and Daid Harris, CMOS VLSI Design- A Circuits and Systems Perspective, Prentice Hall, 2005. Text Book 2) Kang, Sung-Mo and Leblebici, Yusuf, CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits- Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill, 2005. 3) Hodges, David A. et al, Analysis and Design of Digital Integrated Circuits in Deep Submicron Technology, Mc- Graw-Hill, 2004. 4) Uyemura, J. P., Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, John Wiley, 2002. 5) Rabaey, J. M. et al, Digital Integrated Circuits – A Design Perspective, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2002.

7. 7 Evaluation Final Exam – 50% Course Work– 50% Test 1 = 10 % Test 2 = 10 % Lab Test = 15 % Mini project = 15 % (viva,demo,paper)

8. 8 EXPECTATIONS  Attend classes and labs.  Find out what you’ve missed if you’re absent.  Come earlier than the lecturer/engineers.  Log on to portal regularly.  Ask lecturer/engineers whenever have any problems related with the subject.

9. 9 The First Computer

10. 10 ENIAC - The first electronic computer (1946)

11. 11 The Transistor Revolution First transistor Bell Labs, 1948

12. 12 The First Integrated Circuits ECL 3-input Gate Motorola 1966 Bipolar logic 1960’s

13. 13 Intel 4004 Micro-Processor 1971 1000 transistors 1 MHz operation

14. 14 Moore’s Law lIn 1965, Gordon Moore noted that the number of transistors on a chip doubled every 18 to 24 months. lHe made a prediction that semiconductor technology will double its effectiveness every 18 months

15. 15 Moore’s Law

16. 16 Transistor Counts

17. 17 Moore’s law in Microprocessors

18. 18 Die Size Growth

19. 19 Frequency

20. 20 Scaling…. Technology shrinks by 0.7/generation With every generation can integrate 2x more functions per chip; chip cost does not increase significantly Cost of a function decreases by 2x But … How to design chips with more and more functions? Design engineering population does not double every two years… Hence, a need for more efficient design methods Exploit different levels of abstraction

21. 21 Design Abstraction Levels

22. 22 Design Metrics How to evaluate performance of a digital circuit (gate, block, …)? Cost Reliability Scalability Speed (delay, operating frequency) Power dissipation Energy to perform a function

23. 23 Die Single Die Wafer

24. 24 WHAT IS IC? ICs on PCB IC Package Inside IC Wafer

25. 25 = = IC Layout IC Schematic

26. 26 Why VLSI? Integration improves the design Lower parasitics = higher speed Lower power consumption Physically smaller Integration reduces manufacturing cost - (almost) no manual assembly