1. Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2 Instructor: Prof. Zaher Kuhail Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Eng. Tamer A. Eshtawi Faculty: Engineering Department: Civil Engineering Semester: First semester 2006 University of Palestine

2. Pressure

3. Pascal’s Law

5. Example1

7. Vertical Variation Of Pressure In A Fluid Under Gravity

8. Example 2 Solution:

9. Atmospheric pressure  The atmospheric air exerts a normal pressure upon all surfaces with which it is in contact, and it is known as atmospheric pressure.

10. Gauge pressure A gauge pressure can be given using height of any fluid.

11. Example 3

12. Pressure Measurement By Manometer  Manometers use the relationship between pressure and head to measure pressure 1- Simple manometer

13. 2- U-tube manometer

14. Example 4 Solution

15. Example 5 Solution

16. Advances to the “U” tube manometer

18. Single column manometers  Vertical Single manometer The volume that move from x-x to z-z datum = the volume that rise in right tube above x-x datum 1 2

19.  Inclined single column manometers p

20. Example 2  The inclined manometer is filled with oil that has a specific gravity of 0.85 what angle a will yield a deflection 20 cm in the inclined tube when the air pressure in the cistern is increased 600 N/m2 Solution:

21. Example Solution

22. Differential manometers

24. Example Solution

25. Inverted U-tube Differential manometers 1 2

26. Example

27. General Example 1 Example 1 The figure Solution: w gasoline = 6.65 kN/m2, w air = 0.0118 kN/m2

28. Example 2 Solution:

29. Group work 1

30. Group work 2

31. Group work3