1. Top 10 Amazing Achievements Of Pakistan In Science And Technology Lesson prepared for Preps

2.  Pakistan came into being on 14th August, 1947.  Despite being a new nation and suffering many setbacks due to bad governance, it managed to have some wonderful achievements in the field of science, engineering and technology.  Today we are listing some of the unique achievements of Pakistani scientists and engineers, some of them were individual but majority of them were the result of team work.

4. 1. World’s Biggest Earth Filled Dam Tarbela Dam is constructed on the Indus River, at Tarbela in Pakistan. The Dam is classified as the World’s largest earth filled dam. While it is termed as the 2 nd largest dam by its structural volume. The dam has an elevation of 9000 ft from the sea level while it is 485 ft high from the riverbed. The resulting water reservoir lake has a total surface area of 250 square kilometers. Since its inception, it has played a vital role in irrigation, hydroelectric power generation as well as flood control for Pakistan.

6. 2. World’s Largest Irrigation network: Pakistan boasts world’s largest irrigation network. The development of this irrigation system is one of the major achievement of Pakistani engineers. This irrigation network provides water to 90% of the agricultural land in Pakistan which amounts to an area of 14.4 million hectares. This irrigation system consists of three major reservoirs: Tarbela dam and Chashma dam are built on river Indus while Mangla Dam is built on River Jhelum. The system is composed of numerous barrages, headwork and canals. The total length of all canals serving the agricultural land exceeds 58,500 km.

8. 3. World’s Highest Paved International Road: The Karakoram Highway has been classified as World’s highest paved international road. It serves as a terrestrial link for the trade between Pakistan and China. The road has an overall height of 4,693 meters (15,397 ft) above the sea level. The construction of this road posed numerous logistical and and technological challenges to Pakistani and Chinese Engineers. Many lost their lives during the process. No doubt it is rightly referred to by many as the Eight Wonder Of The World.

10. 4. World’s Highest Density Processor: The research and development of microprocessors has played a vital role in the computers, smart devices and telecommunication revolution that we see today. In this context, a team of Pakistani engineers from the company Avaz Networks, under the supervision of Dr Shoaib A. Khan, designed the World’s highest density media processor for Voice Over Ip applications (VOIP). This single chip processor has the unique capability to handle to 2000 simultaneous VOIP calls.

12. 5. World’s Biggest Deep Sea Port: Gwadar port located in Balochistan, on the shores of Arabian Sea, has been classified by experts as the world’s largest warm water deep sea port. Its location is strategic because the region surrounding it has world’s two-third oil. The port is also poised to give China, Afghanistan, as well as, the landlocked and mineral rich countries of central asia the easiest and cheapest access to the Arabian sea. The port is only 533 km away from the city of Karachi which is the economic capital of Pakistan.

14. 6. World’s Youngest Microsoft Certified Professional The title of the world’s youngest Microsoft certified professional from 2004-2008 was also held by a Pakistani girl named Arfa Abdul Karim Randhawa. She was only nine years old when she acquired this title. She was personally invited by Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, to meet her. She also represented Pakistan at many tech and computer conferences. However, her story had a tragic end as she died of cardiac arrest aged just 16.

16. 7. World’s Brightest A-Level Student Ali Moeen Nawazish is a Pakistani student from the city of Rawalpindi He made history by scoring record number of A’s in a single year while studying for A levels at Trinity Hall, Cambridge university. He got 21 A’s in 2011 which is indeed a world record. Currently, he is also working as a columnist to highlight the issues faced by youth in Pakistan.

18. 8. World’s 3 rd biggest elance workforce Elance is termed as the world’s largest online platform where recruiters as well as freelancers from around the world interact with each other. The recruiters mostly post jobs related to the Web and mobile application development, Graphic designing, creative/technical writing, scientific problem solving, marketing and administration etc. There are free lancers from 158 countries that compete to win and execute those jobs. Hence, the market is highly competitive but Pakistanis accounts for one third of free lancers work force. Currently, Pakistani work force earns 500 million dollars a year in terms of revenues from Elance.

20. 9. Pakistan Supplies 50% of World’s Footballs: Pakistan is famous for the quality of its sports equipment, especially, the one that is made in Sialkot. The most notable product of Pakistani sports industry is the hand stitched football. Around 60 million such footballs were produced this year alone. Out of that 40 million were officially supplied for the Football world cup held in Brazil.

22. 10. World’s First Muslim Nuclear State: The design of the nuclear bomb is a complex challenge requiring expertise in multiple theoretical and experimental sciences. On top of that, this technology and related equipments are highly classified. That is why, only 7 nations in the world declare to have this technology. Pakistan on 28th May 1998 became the first and the only Muslim country to possess this technology by successfully exploding six nuclear devices.

23. Largest Nuclear Power Station of Pakistan Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) is the Largest Nuclear Power Station of Pakistan. KANUPP is a single unit CANDU PHWR with a total gross capacity of 137 Mega Watts. It has been in commercial operation since 1972. It is located at Paradise Point on the arid Arabian Sea Coast, about 15 miles to the west of Karachi. KANUPP is part of Karachi Nuclear Power Complex (KNPC) and is owned and operated by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC). It is also the first nuclear power plant in Pakistan.

24. By capacity Chasma is the largest nuclear power plant which produces 300 MW of electricity. Chasma II, III and IV have also been approved and Chasma II is operational with 325 MW of electricity generating capacity. Similarly, Chashma 2 and 3 will be operational in near future with 325 MW of capacity.

25. Capacity of Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) = 137 MW Capacity of Chashma Nuclear Power Plant I = 300 MW Capacity of Chashma Nuclear Power Plant II = 325 MW Capacity of Chashma Nuclear Power Plant III = 325 MW Capacity of Chashma Nuclear Power Plant IV = 325 MW

27. Pakistan Electricity Production Capacity Electricity produced in Pakistan is from three main sources. 1). Hydal 2). Thermal (Gas/Steam/Furnace Oil) 3). Nuclear

28. There are four major power producers in country which include Water & Power Development Authority (WAPDA), Karachi Electric Supply Company (KESC), Independent Power Producers (IPPs) and Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC). Below is the break-up of the installed capacity of each of these power producers (as of June-2008).

29. 1). WAPDA a). WAPDA Hydal Terbela 3478 MW Mangla 1000 MW Ghazi-Brotha 1450 MW Warsak 243 MW Chashma 184 MW Dargai 20 MW Rasul 22 MW Shadi-Waal 18 MW NandiPur 14 MW Kurram Garhi 4 MW Renala 1 MW Chitral 1 MW Jagran (AK) 30 MW Total Hydal ==> 6461 MW

30. b). WAPDA Thermal Gas Turbine Power Station, Shadra 59 MW Steam Power Station, Faisalabad 132 MW Gas Turbine Power Station, Faisalabad 244 MW Gas Power Station, Multan 195 MW Thermal Power Station, Muzaffargarh 1350 MW Thermal Power Station, Guddu 1655 MW Gas Turbine Power Station, Kotri 174 MW Thermal Power Station, Jamshoro 850 MW Thermal Power Station, Larkana 150 MW Thermal Power Station, Quetta 35 MW Gas Turbine Power Station, Panjgur 39 MW Thermal Power Station, Pasni 17 MW Total Thermal ==> 4811 MW WAPDA's Total Hydal + Thermal capacity is 11272 MW.

31. 2). Karachi Electric Supply Company Thermal Power Station, Korengi 316 MW Gas Turbine Power Station, Korengi 80 MW Gas Turbine Power Station, SITE 100 MW Thermal Power Station, Bin Qasim 1260 MW Total (KESC) ==> 1756 MW

32. 3). Independent Power Producers (IPPs) Hub Power Project 1292 MW AES Lalpir Ltd, Mahmood Kot MuzaffarGarh 362 MW AES Pak Gen, Mahmood Kot MuzaffarGarh 365 MW Altern Energy Ltd, Attock 29 MW Fauji KabirWala Power Company, Khanewal 157 MW Gul Ahmad Energy Ltd, Korengi 136 MW Habibullah Coastal Power Ltd 140 MW Japan Power Generation, Lahore 120 MW Koh-e-Noor Energy Ltd, Lahore 131 MW Liberty Power Limited, Ghotki 232 MW Rousch Power, Khaniwal 412 MW Saba Power Company, Sheikhpura 114 MW Southern Electric Power Company Ltd, Raiwind 135 MW Tapal Energy Limited, Karachi 126 MW Uch Power Ltd, Dera Murad Jamali, Nasirabad 586 MW Attock Gen Ltd, Morgah Rawalpindi 165 MW Atlas Power, Sheikhpura 225 MW Engro Energy Ltd, Karachi ----- MW Kot Addu Power Company Limited (Privitized) 1638 MW Total (IPPs) => 6365 MW

33. Total (IPPs) => 6365 MW 4). Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission KANUPP 137 MW CHASNUPP-1 325 MW Total (Nuclear) ===> 462 MW Hydal Electricity generated by WAPDA varies between two extremities i.e. between minimum of 2414 MW and maximum of 6761 MW depending upon the river flow through the whole year.

34. Total Power Generation Capacity of Pakistan (including all sources) is 19855 MW (cross checked from WIKIPEDIA)and the electricity demand (as of today 20-04-2010) is 14500 MW and PEPCO is merely generating 10000 MW.WIKIPEDIA

35. So it is obvious that these 15-20 hrs power shutdowns in most parts of the country are not because of the lack of generation capacity but only because of IMF / World Bank policies imposed on our nation by Govt. The Power Generation companies are not buying Furnace Oil from PSO by saying they don’t have money to do that but we are all paying for Electricity that is generated from Furnace Oil. This is the reason that top refineries like PRL are operating at 40% capacities. IMF / World bank has imposed to reduce budget deficit by importing less crude oil. But due to this fact all our industries are under severe crisis. None of our political party who are in Assembly is ready to speak on it because every one is blessed by US / IMF / World Bank.