1. Bellringer 11/10 1.Where do all organisms ultimately get their energy from? 2. How is our method of getting glucose different from that of a plant?

2. Energy in the Cell

3. Energy Energy- the ability to do work Energy- the ability to do work All energy in living things is found as chemical compounds All energy in living things is found as chemical compounds Main energy source = THE SUN Main energy source = THE SUN 2 organelles responsible for making energy: 2 organelles responsible for making energy: Chloroplasts- photosynthesis in plants Chloroplasts- photosynthesis in plants Mitochondria- cellular respiration in all living cells Mitochondria- cellular respiration in all living cells

4. Where Does Energy Come From? Energy is stored in food!!! Energy is stored in food!!! Plants use sunlight to make energy. Plants use sunlight to make energy. Plants are autotrophs—they make their own food for energy. Plants are autotrophs—they make their own food for energy. Animals cannot use the sun’s energy directly, must eat food for energy. Animals cannot use the sun’s energy directly, must eat food for energy. Animals are heterotrophs—their food comes from other sources than the sun. Animals are heterotrophs—their food comes from other sources than the sun.

5. Chemical Energy 3 main chemical compounds for energy: 3 main chemical compounds for energy: ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) ADP (adenosine di-phosphate) ADP (adenosine di-phosphate) Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 )- sugar/carbs Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 )- sugar/carbs

6. ATP vs. ADP ATP can become ADP by breaking a phosphate group (P). ATP can become ADP by breaking a phosphate group (P). Break chemical bonds = RELEASE energy Break chemical bonds = RELEASE energy ADP can become ATP by adding a phosphate group (P). ADP can become ATP by adding a phosphate group (P). Adding chemical bonds = STORE energy Adding chemical bonds = STORE energy

7. Photosynthesis Photo: using light Photo: using light Synthesis: to put something together Synthesis: to put something together The process by which plant cells use light energy to make food takes place in chloroplasts with aid of … takes place in chloroplasts with aid of … Chlorophyll- pigment that traps light energy for photosynthesis Chlorophyll- pigment that traps light energy for photosynthesis

8. The Photosynthesis Reaction __ CO 2 + __ H 2 O + light energy = __C 6 H 12 O 6 + __ O 2 trapped by chlorophyll But, we need to balance this equation… 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + light energy = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 trapped by chlorophyll 2 parts to photosynthesis: Light and Dark Reaction 2 parts to photosynthesis: Light and Dark Reaction

9. Cellular Respiration The opposite of photosynthesis! The opposite of photosynthesis! Instead of making our own food (heterotrophs), we have to break down the food produced by plants (autotrophs) to release energy needed for body functions Instead of making our own food (heterotrophs), we have to break down the food produced by plants (autotrophs) to release energy needed for body functions Takes place in the mitochondria of all living things (animal and plant cells) Takes place in the mitochondria of all living things (animal and plant cells) C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 = 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP (from plants for us) (for plants) (for our use)

10. Cellular Respiration Stages 3 Stages 3 Stages Glycolysis- anaerobic Glycolysis- anaerobic Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)- aerobic Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)- aerobic ETC (Electron Transport Chain)- aerobic ETC (Electron Transport Chain)- aerobic Terms to remember: Terms to remember: anaerobic (no oxygen needed) anaerobic (no oxygen needed) aerobic (need oxygen) aerobic (need oxygen)

11. Aerobic respiration - energy produced using oxygen Anaerobic respiration - also called Fermentation - a process producing energy without oxygen

12. Cellular Respiration

13. What if there is no O 2 ? When the cell needs energy but no O 2 is available for respiration, cell will enter an anaerobic process called fermentation When the cell needs energy but no O 2 is available for respiration, cell will enter an anaerobic process called fermentation 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation- this is why muscles hurt 2. Alcoholic Fermentation - yeast, bacteria, this is how we make beer, cheese, bread, vinegar, wine and cider

14. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration PhotosynthesisRespiration Food madeFood broken down Energy from sunlight stored in glucose Stored energy in glucose released CO 2 taken inCO 2 and H 2 O given off O 2 given offO 2 taken in Occurs in the presence of chlorophyll- plants only Occurs in all living organisms Light neededNo light needed In ChloroplastsIn Mitochondria

15. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration

16. Bell ringer 11-12-09 Indicate if the following statements are true or false: 1. ATP consists of an adenosine group attached to 3 phosphates. 2. Plants are heterotrophs. 3. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts. 4. If you are asleep, your body does not use any energy.

17. REMINDER!!! HOMEWORK IS DUE TOMORROW!!! Extra Credit: Write about a veteran that you know (1 paragraph or more) Due Monday Bring your textbooks tomorrow