1. Manufacturing

2. What is manufacturing? Dictionary.com defines it as:Dictionary.com defines it as: –the making of goods or wares by manual labor or by machinery, especially on a large scale

3. Characteristics of Mass Production Precision measurementPrecision measurement StandardizationStandardization InterchangeabilityInterchangeability SynchronizationSynchronization ContinuityContinuity

4. Characteristics in choosing they type of manufacturing Volume to be producedVolume to be produced Availability of necessary inputsAvailability of necessary inputs Types of products to be madeTypes of products to be made Life cycle or durability of a productLife cycle or durability of a product Production philosophy of the organizationProduction philosophy of the organization

5. Types of manufacturing 1.Continuous Manufacturing 2.Intermittent (batch) manufacturing 3.Custom manufacturing 4.Just-in-time (JIT) (kanban) manufacturing

6. Continuous Manufacturing –Produces a large # of identical products. –Narrow production line (company makes only one product) –Examples: TVs, radios, refrigerators, food, and utensils. –Requires workers to be specialized at their jobs

7. Intermittent (batch) manufacturing –Company has a large inventory –Chosen for medium length production runs of a wide variety of products. –Set-up and tooling are changed often because of modifications –Advantage: same production line may be used for different products –Examples: holiday candy, musical instruments, and house paint.

8. Custom manufacturing –Produces one or just a few products at a time –Each product is unique –Problem solving and trouble shooting are necessary skills –Prices of final product is quite high –Examples: large yachts, airplanes, custom tools, jewelry, pottery, custom furniture and signs.

9. Just-in-time (JIT) (kanban) manufacturing –Can be applied to the different types of manufacturing –Key goals: reduce the inactive inventory and cut lot sizes

10. Departments in Industry 1.Management 2.Engineering 3.Production 4.Marketing 5.Finances 6.Human resources

11. Management –Makes sure all the departments work together –Make company policies and then makes sure the other departments follow them –Ranked in a hierarchical order –Duties include: PlanningPlanning OrganizingOrganizing DirectingDirecting ControllingControlling EvaluatingEvaluating

12. Engineering –Designs, produces, and tests the first model of a new product (prototypes). –They conduct tests and experiments –Most departments have a research and development team –Types of engineers include: ManufacturingManufacturing Quality controlQuality control DesignDesign MethodsMethods

13. Production –Sets up and uses the tools and machine to make the product. –Management worker, the supervisor, is in charge –Divided into skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled labor

14. Marketing –Conducts market research and advertises, packages, sells, and distributes the product –Department includes: statisticians, advertisers, package designers, salespeople, and shipping workers.

15. Finances –Keeps track of all income and expenditures. –Expenditures include: payroll, material costs, utility costs, and buying and maintaining tools, equipment, and machines. –Department includes: accountants, bookkeepers, and other record keepers.

16. Human Resources –Responsible for: RecruitingRecruiting NegotiatingNegotiating TrainingTraining Health and SafetyHealth and Safety –Maintains safe environment by the Occupational Safety and Health administration (OSHA) Public Relations.Public Relations.

17. Material Processing Primary Manufacturing ProcessesPrimary Manufacturing Processes Secondary Manufacturing ProcessesSecondary Manufacturing Processes Finished producFinished produc

18. Primary Manufacturing processes all materials must change from their raw state to a more useful form for secondary manufacturing.all materials must change from their raw state to a more useful form for secondary manufacturing. –Obtaining raw materials –Refining materials- separates the useful part from the unwanted and less useful materials Mechanical refiningMechanical refining Chemical refiningChemical refining Thermal refiningThermal refining –Manufacturing standard materials

19. Secondary Manufacturing processes Separating toolsSeparating tools Forming toolsForming tools Combining toolsCombining tools Other toolsOther tools ComputersComputers

20. Separating tools remove part of the original material and leave the required size and shaperemove part of the original material and leave the required size and shape Chip removalChip removal –Drills and bits –Saw blades –Cutters –Files, grinders, and abrasive papers. Shearing tools (shears, chisels, and punches)Shearing tools (shears, chisels, and punches)

21. Forming tools Casting toolsCasting tools Compressing and stretching toolsCompressing and stretching tools Conditioning toolsConditioning tools

22. Combining tools Coating toolsCoating tools Bonding toolsBonding tools Mechanical fastening toolsMechanical fastening tools

23. Other tools MeasuringMeasuring Holding-Clamps and pliersHolding-Clamps and pliers Positioning-Jigs and fixturesPositioning-Jigs and fixtures Transporting machinesTransporting machines