1. Crime

2. Crime And Deterrence For Deterrence to work, threats must be made credible –The GodfatherGodfather –Certain –Swift –Severe If Benefits from Crime outweigh the costs, we have crime

3. The Police and Deterrence Community Policing Broken Window Theory

4. Guns and Gun Laws A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. 30,000 gun deaths per year

5. Federal Gun Laws Bans on interstate commerce involving guns The Brady Law The Impact of Gun Laws

6. The Courts and Guns U.S. vs Miller (1939) DC vs Heller (2008)

7. Who are our criminals Men- the biggest predictor of whether someone commits a crime Age Economics

8. Who commits Crime Race Location Most WantedWanted

9. Who are the Victims Race Plays a role Gender Plays a role

10. Race and Victimization

11. Hate Crimes Must show that crime is bias motivated. There has to be an actual crime committed Hurt Feelings are not protected under Hate Crime legislation

12. CRIME AND THE COURTS The Judicial Process

13. The Bill of Rights Provides Basic Criminal Protections ½ of all felonies are dismissed Unreasonable search and seizures Self Incrimination Exclusionary Rule

14. So you have been arrested step 1 Read your rights Booked

15. Arrested Part 2 Taken before a judge before trial –Bail –Who is denied Bail? –Recognizance

16. Arraignment The charges are read against you Plea of guilty or not guilty

17. Plea bargaining 90% of cases are plea bargained Cuts down on costs and system overload Critics argue that it disadvantages the poor

18. Sentencing Duty of the judge to decide who gets what States differ in maximum and minimums This has lead to an increase in incarceration

19. Where you go Jails- run by county or city Prisons- usually run by state for sentences of 1 year or more Federal PrisonsFederal

20. Incarceration Rates 750 Americans per 100,000 1 in 30 between 20 and 34 1 in 5 black males 1 in 36 Hispanic Males 1 in 99 adults were in prison or jails

21. The Growth in the Prison Population It has increased by 4x since 1975 Why the Increase?

22. Prison Overcrowding Locking people up leads to crowded Prisons Why is this a problem?

23. Probation and Prison

24. Race and Ethnicity

25. Goals of corrections Incapacitation Restitution

26. Goals of Corrections Part 2 Deterrence Rehabilitation

27. Costs of Corrections How much do we spend –6.8% of state budgets –$49 Billion nationwide –3.3. Billion in Texas Why so Costly?

28. Costs

29. The Problem of Recidivism The Repeat of an Offense 2/3-3/4 are RecidivistsRecidivists –Parole, Probation and Rehabilitation do not seem to work.

30. The Growth of the Prison Population

31. Drug Arrests

32. What can We do? Broad Social Reform More Money for Rehabilitation These are unlikely

33. Legalizing/Decriminalizing Victimless Crimes Minor Drug offenses It sends a message that society tolerates and supports such activities

34. Alternatives to prisons Current system is very expensive More unconditional releases More House arrests

35. Make people less of a target Better home/personal security More cameras Decrease environmental opportunities.

36. Links to More Info Pew Center on the StatesStates University of MichiganMichigan

37. Health Care

38. Is it a Legal Right No –Not Mentioned in the Constitution –Not wanted by the States –It therefore belongs to the people

39. How Much do We Spend 2.2 Trillion Dollars 8000 Per person 16.2% of the GDP

40. A Hybrid System of Public and Private 46% is paid for by the government The Rest is from employers, and individuals

41. Where the Money Comes From

42. What the Government Covers Medicaid Medicare SCHIP Veterans Administration Government Employees

43. Private Insurance Fee For Service Managed Care- 90% of all private insurance

44. Terms of Health Care Premium Deductable Copayment

45. How We Get our Health Care

46. Strengths of the System Best Doctors and Hospitals Most Advanced Treatment Most Research and Development People with Health Care are satisfied With it.

47. The Problems of the System Access Cost Quality

48. The Problem of Access

49. It is not “46 Million Americans”, but 46 Million in America

50. The Problem of Access

53. Why People do not have insurance Who are they?they Health Care is an opportunity cost

54. Options for the Uninsured E.R. Self Medicate Do Nothing

55. Problem 2 Quality Quality is maldistributed We focus on sickness, not health We are overspecialized

56. Problem 3: Cost Outpacing Inflation Why

57. Cost- Technology MRI’s Bypass surgery Fake Knees and Hips These help us live longer

58. Cost- Labor 5.5 People per patient Jobs that require skill and education Recession Proof

59. Cost- Malpractice Actually not the suits themselves Defensive medicine High Insurance- just in calse

60. Cost- Greedy people We want to get our benefits back We do not realize the actual costs A “Tragedy of the Commons”

61. Cost- An Older Population Our last years of life consume much of our health care dollar We are living longer and there are more of us More Care means more $

62. Cost and Prescription Drugs Average cost is $2400 9 in 10 Seniors use a drug Direct to Consumer Ads