1. BALANCE SHEET STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION KEY CONCEPTS ASSETS = LIABILITIES + OWNER EQUITY ASSETS AND LIABILITIES ARE CLASSIFIED AS EITHER CURRENT OR NON-CURRENT

2. ASSETS ASSETS INCLUDE EVERYTHING OWNED THAT HAS VALUE REPRESENTS THE TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTED IN THE BUSINESS

3. ASSETS CURRENT: MOST LIQUID CASH OR NEAR-CASH ITEMS ASSETS THAT CAN BE CONVERTED TO CASH WITHOUT DISRUPTING THE ONGOING BUSINESS NON-CURRENT: WORKING ASSETS THAT YIELD SERVICES TO THE BUSINESS OVER TIME. THEIR SALE WOULD DISRUPT THE BUSINESS. (MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT, REAL ESTATE, BREEDING LIVESTOCK)

4. LIABILITIES AND OWNERS EQUITY LIABILITIES REPRESENT DEBT CAPITAL OR CLAIMS BY OTHERS AGAINST THE ASSETS EQUITY REPRESENTS THE RESIDUAL CLAIM BY THE OWNERS AGAINST THE ASSETS

5. LIABILITIES CURRENT: EXISTING OBLIGATIONS THAT ARE PAYABLE WITHIN ONE YEAR OR ACCOUNTING PERIOD NON-CURRENT: DEBT WITH ORIGINAL MATURITY OVER ONE YEAR, EXCEEDING THE CURRENT PORTION OF PRINCIPLE DUE.

6. ASSET VALUATION COST BASIS VALUATION COST LESS ACCUMULATED DERPRCIATION MARKET BASIS VALUATION FAIR MARKET VALUE

7. MAJOR ISSUE REGARDING ASSET VALUATION RELATES TO VALUATION OF CAPITAL ASSETS – RAISED BREEDING LIVESTOCK MACHINERY AND EQUIPTMENT BUILDINGS LAND

8. VALUATION OF RAISED BREEDING LIVESTOCK FULL COST ABSORPTION METHOD BASE VALUE METHOD

9. FULL COST ABSORPTION METHOD ALL COST TO BRING ANIMIALS INTO THE BREEDING HERD ALLOCATED AND CAPITILIZED ANIMIALS ARE THEN DEPRECIATED JUST LIKE PURCHASED BREEDING ANIMIALS

10. BASE VALUE APPROACH A BASE VALUE IS ESTABLISHED FOR VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF RAISED BREEDING ANIMALS

11. CAPITAL LEASED ASSETS ASSETS UNDER A CAPITAL LEASE ARE TREATED LIKE ANY OTHER CAPITAL ASSET. THEY HAVE BOTH A COST AND MARKET VALUE WHICH MAY DIFFER. THE COST BASIS IS THE PRESENT VALUE OF ALL FUTURE LEASE PAYMENTS, WHICH IS THEN DEPRECIATED. ALTERNATIVELY, THE “BUY-OUT AMOUNT” MAY BE DETERMINED EACH YEAR AND BE LISTED AS THE COST BASIS AND THE LIABILITY, WHICH WILL SHOW THE ASSET AS BEING FULLY FINANCED.

12. INVESTMENTS IN CO-OPS ARE NOT MARKETABLE SECURITIES – THEREFORE, LISTED AS NON- CURRENT ASSETS COST BASIS IS THE BOOK CREDIT VALUE LISTED BY THE CO-OP MARKET VALUE IS SHOWN AS THE COST BASIS, EVEN THOUGH NO REAL MARKET VALUE EXIST

13. PERSONAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MOST AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS ARE BEING SMALL, SOLE PROPRIETOR, FAMILY-OPERATED BUSINESS MOST OFTEN THE BUSINESS AND PERSONAL ASSETS OF THE OWNERS ARE COMBINED ON THE BALANCE SHEET

14. COMBINING BUSINESS AND PRESONAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES HAS IMPLICATIONS FOR FINANCIAL ANALYSIS PERSONAL ITEMS SHOULD BE ACCOUNTED FOR SEPERATELY IN ORDER TO OBTAIN A TRUE MEASURE OF BUSINESS FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

15. COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION (CCC) LOANS NON-RECOURSE LOANS ON COMMODITIES SHOULD BE TREATED AS A LOAN EVEN IF THE INTENT IS TO FORFEIT THE COMMODITY IN LIEU OF THE REPAYMENT. THE TAX TREATMENT OF THE LOAN SHOULD NOT CHANGE THE WAY THE LOAN IS HANDLED ON THE BALANCE SHEET THE COMMODITY UNDER LOAN SHOULD BE SHOWN ON THE BALANCE SHEET AS AN INVENTORY.

16. NOTES DUE NOTES DUE WITHIN 12 MONTHS CURRENT PORTION OF PRINCIPAL DUE FOR TERM NOTES

17. ACCRUED INTEREST AND TAXES ACCRUED INTEREST ON CURRENT AND TERM LOANS ACCRUED TAXES: PROPERTY TAXES INCOME TAXES

18. DEFERRED TAXES DEFERRED TAX ON CURRENT ASSETS WITH CASH TAX REPORTING, TAXES ON CERTAIN CURRENT ASSETS SUCH AS INVENTORIES HELD FROM ONE TAX YEAR TO THE NEXT SHOULD BE ACCOUNTED FOR AS A CURRENT LIABILITY.

19. DEFERRED TAX ON NON-CURRENT ASSETS THE SALE OR LIQUIDATION OF CAPITAL ASSETS OFTEN RESULTS IN A TAX LIABILITY IF THE MARKET VALUE EXCEEDS THE COST BASIS (COST LESS DEPRECIATION) A CAPITAL GAIN EXIST AND WILL BE TAXED. THEREFORE, A POTENTIAL TAX LIABILITY EXIST AND SHOULD BE ACCOUNTED FOR AS A NON-CURRENT LIABILITY

20. CAPITAL LEASES A CAPITAL LEASE IS A DIRCT SUBSTITUTE FOR A PURCHASE OF AN ASSET. A CAPITAL LEASE SHOULD BE CAPITALIZED AND AMORTIZED OVER THE TERM OF THE LEASE.

21. ACCRUAL VS. CASH ACCOUNTING THE ACCRUAL METHOD OF ACCOUNTING RECOGNIZES REVENUES AND EXPENSES AS THEY OCCUR THE CASH METHOD OF ACCOUNTING RECOGNIZES REVENUES AND EXPENSES WHEN CASH ACTUALLY CHANGES HANDS