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Formatted Output CSE 1310 – Introduction to Computers and Programming 1.

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1 Formatted Output CSE 1310 – Introduction to Computers and Programming 1

2 Importance of Formatting When we print information on the screen, formatting can make a big difference: Nicely formatted printouts are much easier for a user to read. For example: in printing a matrix: [[3.394012, 0.21312, 0.90213232], [9.12, 12.30412, 1], [32.34, 1.232, 0.2]] 2

3 Importance of Formatting When we print information on the screen, formatting can make a big difference: Nicely formatted printouts are much easier for a user to read. For example: in printing a matrix: 3.394 0.213 0.902 9.120 12.304 1.000 32.340 1.232 0.200 3

4 The Percent Codes Old way: – print(‘The answer is’, 10) The answer is 10 Looks for % sign and a letter immediately following it. This is a placeholder. – Inserts a values/string/whatever into placeholder Simple example: print("The answer is %d" % 10) OUTPUT: The answer is 10 4

5 The Percent Codes %f to display floating point numbers %d to display integers %s to display string/string representation Examples: mtx = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]] rows = len(mtx) cols = len(mtx[0]) print("mtx has %d rows and %d columns." % (rows, cols)) OUTPUT: mtx has 2 rows and 3 columns. 5

6 The Percent Codes placeholders values mtx = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]] rows = len(mtx) cols = len(mtx[0]) print("mtx has %d rows and %d columns." % (rows, cols)) OUTPUT: mtx has 2 rows and 3 columns. 6

7 The Percent Codes placeholders values mtx = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]] rows = len(mtx) cols = len(mtx[0]) print("mtx has %d rows and %d columns." % (rows, cols)) OUTPUT: mtx has 2 rows and 3 columns. 7

8 8 matrix1 = [[3.394012,.21312,.90213232], [9.12, 12.30412, 1], [32.34, 1.232, 0.2]] print(matrix1) OUTPUT: [[3.394012, 0.21312, 0.90213232], [9.12, 12.30412, 1], [32.34, 1.232, 0.2]] Example 1: no formatting here, just printing the matrix as a list.

9 9 matrix1 = [[3.394012,.21312,.90213232], [9.12, 12.30412, 1], [32.34, 1.232, 0.2]] for row in matrix1: print(row) OUTPUT: [3.394012, 0.21312, 0.90213232] [9.12, 12.30412, 1] [32.34, 1.232, 0.2] Example 2: again no formatting, just printing each line separately.

10 10 matrix1 = [[3.394012,.21312,.90213232], [9.12, 12.30412, 1], [32.34, 1.232, 0.2]] for row in matrix1: print("%11f %11f %11f" % (row[0], row[1], row[2])) OUTPUT: 3.394012 0.213120 0.902132 9.120000 12.304120 1.000000 32.340000 1.232000 0.200000 Example 3: Here we use formatting: – Automatically uses right alignment – 11 means "minimum width of 11 for that item“ – %f includes 6 decimal places by default

11 11 matrix1 = [[3.394012,.21312,.90213232], [9.12, 12.30412, 1], [32.34, 1.232, 0.2]] for row in matrix1: print("%11.2f %11.2f %11.2f" % (row[0], row[1], row[2])) OUTPUT: 3.39 0.21 0.90 9.12 12.30 1.00 32.34 1.23 0.20 Example 4: Here we use formatting: – Automatically uses right alignment – 11.2 means "minimum width of 11, truncate to 2 decimal places.

12 12 matrix1 = [[3.394012,.21312,.90213232], [9.12, 12.30412, 1], [32.34, 1.232, 0.2]] for row in matrix1: print("%5.3f %5.3f %5.3f" % (row[0], row[1], row[2])) OUTPUT: 3.394 0.213 0.902 9.120 12.304 1.000 32.340 1.232 0.200 Example 5: Here we change the previous example, by setting the minimum width to 5 instead of 11: – The columns are not aligned anymore. – Why? Because some items need more than the minimum width.

13 Left Alignment matrix1 = [[3.394012,.21312,.90213232], [9.12, 12.30412, 1], [32.34, 1.232, 0.2]] for row in matrix1: print("%-11f %-11f %-11f" % (row[0], row[1], row[2])) OUTPUT: 3.394012 0.213120 0.902132 9.120000 12.304120 1.000000 32.340000 1.232000 0.200000 13

14 Left Alignment matrix1 = [[3.394012,.21312,.90213232], [9.12, 12.30412, 1], [32.34, 1.232, 0.2]] for row in matrix1: print("%-11f %-11f %-11f" % (row[0], row[1], row[2])) OUTPUT: 3.394012 0.213120 0.902132 9.120000 12.304120 1.000000 32.340000 1.232000 0.200000 The - tells Python to align left 14

15 Zero Padding matrix1 = [[3.394012,.21312,.90213232], [9.12, 12.30412, 1], [32.34, 1.232, 0.2]] for row in matrix1: print("%011f %011f %011f" % (row[0], row[1], row[2])) OUTPUT: 0003.394012 0000.213120 0000.902132 0009.120000 0012.304120 0001.000000 0032.340000 0001.232000 0000.200000 15

16 Zero Padding matrix1 = [[3.394012,.21312,.90213232], [9.12, 12.30412, 1], [32.34, 1.232, 0.2]] for row in matrix1: print("%011f %011f %011f" % (row[0], row[1], row[2])) OUTPUT: 0003.394012 0000.213120 0000.902132 0009.120000 0012.304120 0001.000000 0032.340000 0001.232000 0000.200000 The 011 tells Python to use minimum 11 spaces and pad with zeros 16

17 Example: Months and Days names = ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"] lengths = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31] for i in range(0, 12): print("%9s: %2d days" % (names[i], lengths[i])) 17

18 Example: Months and Days: Output January: 31 days February: 28 days March: 31 days April: 30 days May: 31 days June: 30 days July: 31 days August: 31 days September: 30 days October: 31 days November: 30 days December: 31 days 18

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