1. Constitutional Rights
Amendment 13
Freed the Slaves
Amendment 14
Freedmen had the same rights as everyone else
Amendment 15
Freedmen could vote

2. Existing Inequalities
Supreme Court Case Plessy v. Ferguson
Separate railway cars were constitutional as long as they were equal.
Ruling applied to many other areas of life.
Also known as Jim Crow Laws

3. Other Inequalities
Racial segregation - By law, public facilities were divided into separate "white" and "colored" domains.
Exploitation- happened to blacks, Latinos, and Asians
Violence- Individual, police, organizational (KKK), and mass racial violence against blacks, Latinos in the Southwest and Asians in California

4. The First Step
President Harry Truman began the first steps. In 1947 he had created a report, To Secure These Rights, which had a detailed agenda of civil rights reforms.
On July 26, 1948, President Truman signed Executive orders 9980 and This ordered the desegregation of the federal work force and of the armed services

5. Steps towards Racial Equality
1954
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (Supreme Court)
“separate but equal” is unconstitutional
Schools must be desegregated.
What Supreme Court Decision does this overturn?

6. Steps Toward Racial Equality
1955
Rosa Parks is arrested in Montgomery, Alabama for refusing to give up her seat on the bus to a white man.
Montgomery bus boycott begins.

7. Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Born January 15, 1929 
Died April 4, 1968
A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career.
He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott
Advocate of non-violent protests during the Civil Rights Protests

8. The 1950’s Review
1951 – 22nd Amendment: Presidents may serve only two terms. Eisenhower Era- “I Like IKE!”
1953 – The Korean War ends
1954 – Brown v Board of Education
1955 – Rosa Parks and Montgomery bus boycott
1957 – Little Rock and Central High School integration. Eisenhower sent troops to assure the students’ safety.
1957 – Sputnik launched by Russians

9. Steps Toward Racial Equality
1957
In Little Rock, Arkansas, nine Black high school students attempt to enroll at the all white high school.
President Eisenhower calls out federal troops to ensure they are admitted.

10. Hispanic Movements
The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) had formed in 1929.
They fought against racial segregation in schools in California and in Texas during the 1940’s.
By 1950 there was an end to segregation of Hispanic students in all Texas public schools

11. The 1960’s 1960 Dr. King insisted that all protests be non violent.
“Sit ins” at lunch counters in Woolworth drugstores across the South.
Sitting at every other seat to invite sympathizers to join

12. Freedom Rides 1961 Whites join in the fight for racial equality.
Freedom Riders – Black and White – attempt to desegregate busses.
Some riders murdered.

13. KKK against Voter Registration
In 1961, the KKK began blatantly attacking the Civil Rights Movement
Lynched, attacked, and were extremely violent towards the Movement such as lynching and cross burning
Joined by the White Citizens Council
Voter Registration struggled to get African Americans registered to vote against poll taxes and literacy tests
In 1965, the Voting Rights Act would be passed to protect against poll taxes.

14. March on Birmingham 1963 The March on Birmingham, Alabama
Martin Luther King, Jr. urges President Kennedy to pass a civil rights bill.

15. Steps Toward Racial Equality
August 28, 1963
The March on Washington, D.C.
Martin Luther King, Jr. delivers a speech to an audience of white people and black people meeting together.
“I have a dream” speech

16. Martin Luther King Jr.
Believed in the power of non-violent protests for civil rights to be achieved
Famous for leading the Bus Boycott, the March on Washington and “I have a Dream”

17. Malcolm X Born May 25, 1929 Became a Black Muslim leader
Advocated the complete separation of African Americans from white people.
proposed the establishment of a separate country for black people
that black people use any necessary means of self-defense to protect themselves
Assassinated in 1965

18. Civil Rights Act
JFK assassinated before the act is passed November 22, 1963
Civil Rights Act of 1964 is passed.
Signed by President Lyndon Johnson
Banned discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin.
Outlawed discrimination in public accommodations

19. Cesar Chavez and California
Strike led against Californian farms
Strike was for the rights and the basic needs of the grape harvesters who were primarily Filipino and Mexican American workers
People did not buy grapes for over 4 years with 17 million people participating

20. Steps Toward Racial Equality
1964
Twenty-fourth Amendment is passed.
Banned the payment of poll taxes as a condition for voting in Federal elections.
Freedom Summer begins.
Voter registration efforts continue all through the United States.

21. Steps Toward Racial Equality
1965
March from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama. Demanded voting rights.
Voting Rights Act of 1965 is passed.
Signed by President Lyndon Johnson
Put entire voting registration process under federal control.

22. Assassination Riots and violence:
: 100 violent race riots broke out across the US
April 4, 1968, Dr. King assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.
Civil Rights Act passed April 11, 1968 to prohibit discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin.

23. Review: Key People and Events of the Civil Rights Movement: : Brown v. Board of Education --Martin Luther King, Jr. 1963: “I have a dream” --Civil Rights Acts of 1964, 1968; Voting Rights Act Assassinations of John (1963) and Robert Kennedy (1968), Malcolm X (1965), and Martin Luther King, Jr. (1968)