1. USH 18:1 Civil Rights Movement Origins of the Movement – Rosa Parks Refused to give up seat on bus NAACP used her case to take “Separate but Equal” (Plessy v Ferguson, 1896) doctrine down “Jim Crow Laws” – Laws segregating (separating) whites and African-Americans

2. Court Challenges Norris v Alabama (1935) – Alabama could not exclude African-Americans from juries Morgan v Virginia (1946) – Segregation on interstate busses unconstitutional Sweatt v Painter (1950) – State law schools had to admit qualified African- American candidates

3. Brown v Board of Education Thurgood Marshall – NAACP attorney Linda Brown – Denied admission to her neighborhood school in Topeka, Kansas

4. Brown v Board of Education 1954-case goes to Supreme Court Court ruled segregation in public schools unconstitutional – Violated “Equal Protection” clause 14 th Amendment of Constitution – Over-turned “separate but equal” Plessy v Ferguson (1896)

5. Southern Resistance Supreme Court ordered school districts to desegregate with “deliberate speed” – Wording is vague – Many school districts move slowly “Southern Manifesto” – 101 southern Congressmen – Court “abused its power” – Decision must be reversed

6. Civil Rights Movement Begins Montgomery Bus Boycott – African-Americans refuse to ride city busses – Elect Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., to lead boycott African-American churches – Forums for discussion – Planning headquarters Southern Christian Leadership Conference – Formed by Dr. King and church leaders – Challenged segregation wherever it existed

7. Crisis in Little Rock 9 African-American students try to register at a Little Rock, Arkansas, school Orval Faubus – Governor of Arkansas – Sent National Guard troops to stop students – Pres. Eisenhower sends troops to support students

8. New Civil Rights Legislation Civil Rights Act of 1957 – Protect rights of African-Americans to vote – Created a civil rights division in Dep’t of Justice – Created United States Commission on Civil Rights – SCLC launches campaign aimed at registering 2 million African-American voters