1. Intercultural Communication Lecture 5 Ideologies in Discourse

2. Ideology ASSUMPTIONS behind practices and rules About What is good/bad (values) Normal/abnormal (norms) What an appropriate person is like What an appropriate society is like What the natural world is like What communication (discourse) is for

3. Tasks Alligator River What are the assumptions that affect your choices?

4. Task The ideology of a comic book

5. The Ideology of University English Classes

6. C-B-S Style Clarity—Brevity—Sincerity Originality Deductive (vs. inductive)

7. Assumptions What is the purpose of writing? What is the appropriate person (writer) like? What is the status of the written word/ ideas?

8. More about Space The lecture panopticon

9. Assumptions About teachers/teaching About learners/learning

10. The Utilitarian Discourse System ‘Enlightenment’ or ‘Age of Reason’ (18 th century) Sir Isaac Newton – The universe is logical, rational John Locke – Society should follow (logical) ‘natural law’, tabula rasa Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations – capitalism Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws – Rule of law Immuanuel Kant, ‘The Science of Right’ – Intellectual property

11. Utilitarian Discourse System John Bentham and John Stuart Mill –‘Utilitarianism’ ‘Good’ = greatest happiness to greatest number Goal of society = ‘Progress’ Basis of society = ‘free’ and ‘equal’ individual Humans = rational, economic entities Values  technology as source of wealth Values  ‘creative’ and ‘inventive’ individuals Quantitative measure determine value

12. Inside-Outside Freedom Equality Democracy FOR MEMBERS But for non-members…

13. Confucian Discourse System The five moral rules and five human relationships Affection and piety (ci/xiao) should mark the relations between father and son justice and righteousness should mark the relations between sovereign and subject distinction (zun/bei) should mark the relations between husband and wife order (ti) should mark the relations between elder and younger brothers Trust (zhong) should mark the relations among friends

14. Confucian Discourse System Four Virtues –Menicus (‘Four Fundamental Principles) benevolence (ren) Righteousness (yi) Propriety (li) knowledge (zhi) Four Cardinal Virtues (si wei) –Li, Yi, Lian (frugality), Chi (shame) Sincerity (xin) and Filial Piety (xiao) Hierarchal Relationships ‘Golden Age’

15. San Zi Jing

17. Confucian Discourse System ‘Good’ = ? Goal of society = ? Basis of society = ? Humans = ? Values  ?

18. Confucian Discourse System ‘Good’ = ? Goal of society = ? Basis of society = ? Humans = ? Values  ?

19. Discourses of Revolution and Reform (Gu 1996)

20. Names

21. Polarizing

22. Many ideologies work through polarizing How does UDS polarize?

23. Multiple Ideologies Which ideologies do you promote or participate in? Utilitarian Confucian Revolutionary Reformist Other? (eg. Christian) How can people ‘believe’ different ideologies at the same time?