1. Civil War and Reconstruction Military and political strategies of reunification, 1861-1877

2. The North Population of 22 million Some 22,000 miles of railroad track More developed economy, banking system, and currency Strategy—General Winfield Scott planned to blockade southern ports and to capture Mississippi River to divide the South. Northern and Southern Resources The South Strong military tradition that put many smart officers into battle Advantages of fighting on home soil – only had to defend itself until the North grew tired of fighting Strategy—tried to win foreign allies through cotton diplomacy: idea that Britain would support Confederacy because it needed the South’s cotton

3. The War in the East The Big Idea Confederate and Union forces faced off in Virginia and at sea. Main Ideas Union and Confederate forces fought for control of the war in Virginia. The Battle of Antietam gave the North a slight advantage. The Confederacy attempted to break the Union naval blockade.

5. The War in the West The Big Idea Fighting in the Civil War spread to the western United States. Main Ideas Union strategy in the West centered on control of the Mississippi River. Confederate and Union troops struggled for dominance in the Far West.

6. Daily Life during the War The Big Idea The lives of many Americans were affected by the Civil War. Main Ideas The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in Confederate states. African Americans participated in the war in a variety of ways. President Lincoln faced opposition to the war. Life was difficult for soldiers and civilians alike.

7. Copperheads Northern Draft Copperheads were northern Democrats who began speaking against the war. Many were midwesterners who sympathized with the South and opposed abolition. Lincoln suspended habeas corpus, or protection against unlawful imprisonment, to jail the enemies of the Union. Critics erupted when Congress approved the draft, or forced military service. For $300, men could buy their way out of service. For unskilled workers, this was a year’s wage. Bloody rioting broke out in New York, killing 100 people. President Lincoln faced opposition to the war.

9. Rebuilding the South The Big Idea The nation faced many problems in rebuilding the Union. Main Ideas President Lincoln and Congress differed in their views as Reconstruction began. The end of the Civil War meant freedom for African Americans in the South. President Johnson’s plan began the process of Reconstruction.

11. A New President President Lincoln was assassinated in April 1865. Vice president Andrew Johnson became president. Johnson’s Reconstruction plan was similar to Lincoln’s, but included the need for wealthy southerners and former Confederate officials to receive presidential pardons in order to receive amnesty. 13 th Amendment Passed 1865, outlawing slavery President Johnson’s plan began the process of Reconstruction. Reconstruction

12. The Fight over Reconstruction The Big Idea The return to power of the pre-war southern leadership led Republicans in Congress to take control of Reconstruction. Main Ideas Black Codes led to opposition to President Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction. The Fourteenth Amendment ensured citizenship for African Americans. Radical Republicans in Congress took charge of Reconstruction. The Fifteenth Amendment gave African Americans the right to vote.

14. Impeachment Johnson opposed Republican Reconstruction. Congress passed laws limiting his power. Johnson broke the law when he fired Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. The House of Representatives voted to impeach the president. Impeachment is the process used by the legislative body to bring charges of wrongdoing against a public official. The Senate did not convict Johnson, but his power was greatly reduced. Johnson decided not to run for reelection in 1868. President Johnson on Trial