1. Chapter 6: Civil War and Reconstruction
Core Lesson 1:
A Nation at War

2. North Against South The Union and Confederacy had different strengths.
Border states
A slave state that stayed in the Union
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware

3. North Against South Northern advantages Population Factories
North: 22 million
South: 9 million (1/3 were slaves = not soldiers)
Factories
Make supplies and weapons
More Railroad Transportation
Move soldiers and supplies

4. North Against South Southern advantages Land knowledge
Most fighting occurred in South
Military leaders
General Robert E. Lee
Fought in Mexican War

5. North Against South Plans for War Union’s strategy
Navy block southern seaports and control Mississippi River
Attack in East and West at same time
Confederacy’s strategy
Fight off Union until they could survive as a separate nation
Hoped for help from Britain and France b/c of need for cotton

6. North Against South The War in the East First Battle of Bull Run
July 21, 1861
Union going to capture Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia
Union and Confederacy fought at stream near Manassas
Union retreated in panic
Worse than expected
People realized it would not be a short war

7. Review: What was the Confederacy’s plan for winning the war?
North Against South
Review: What was the Confederacy’s plan for winning the war?

8. The War’s Leaders
Military and political leaders played important roles during the war.
1862 – Union tried to capture Richmond, VI twice but was defeated by Lee and his army
Battle of Antietam
Lee went to invade North but stopped by Union army
Deadliest day of the war
2 armies suffered at least 23,000 casualties
Soldiers who are killed or wounded
Lee lost so many he returned to Virginia

9. The War’s Leaders The War in the West
General Ulysses S. Grant led Union army
Captured several Confederate forts
Won the Battle of Shiloh
Union navy attacked New Orleans
By 1863, only major Confederate town on Mississippi R. was Vicksburg, MI
Confederate soldiers could shoot at ships from cliffs
Union needed to capture in order to control Mississippi R.

10. The Governments Respond
Jefferson Davis faced problems
Union blockade = not enough food, weapons, or money to fight
Not enough people wanted to fight
Began a draft
Government selection of people to serve in the military
Confederate states often ignored Davis

11. The Governments Respond
Abraham Lincoln faced problems
Hard to get support for war
Started a draft
Rich could pay to get out of draft
Upset people who could not afford to pay and had to fight
In NYC a riot (violent protest) lasted for days which thousands of soldiers had to stop

12. The Governments Respond
Review: Why did people in the North oppose the draft?

13. Turning Points
Events in 1863 helped the Union become stronger in the Civil War.
Lincoln’s plan changes
Began war not planning to free slaves
Hoped to unite people in Union by ending slavery
Emancipation Proclamation (Jan. 1, 1863)
Freeing of enslaved people
Freed slaves in Confederacy but not border states
Changed what the war was about (no longer to save the Union, but to end slavery)

14. Turning Points Vicksburg and Gettysburg Battle of Vicksburg (in West)
General Grant’s army surrounded Vicksburg
Fired cannons into town for 6 weeks
July 4, 1863 Vicksburg surrendered
Union controlled Mississippi R. and cut off TX and Arkansas from the rest of the South

15. Turning Points Vicksburg and Gettysburg Battle of Gettysburg (in East)
Lee invaded Union into Pennsylvania
July 1, 1863 battle begins near Gettysburg
Third day fighting
14,000 confederate soldiers came across open field toward Union
Union attacked with rifle and cannon fire = injured/killed ½ Confederate soldiers = retreat
Union victory

16. Turning Points Vicksburg and Gettysburg
July 1863 = turning point of war
President Lincoln gave short speech = Gettysburg Address
Declared Union was fighting to make sure American democracy would survive

17. Review: Why was the victory at Vicksburg important to the Union?
Turning Points
Review: Why was the victory at Vicksburg important to the Union?

18. Why It Matters…
With the Emancipation Proclamation, the Civil War became a fight to end slavery in the Confederate States.