2. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Lesson 1Lesson 1Forms of Energy Lesson 2Lesson 2Energy Transformations Lesson 3Lesson 3Thermal Energy on the Move Chapter Wrap-Up

3. Chapter Introduction What is energy, and what are energy transformations?

4. Chapter Introduction What do you think? Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree with each of these statements. As you view this presentation, see if you change your mind about any of the statements.

5. Chapter Introduction 1.A fast-moving baseball has more kinetic energy than a slow-moving baseball. 2.A large truck and a small car moving at the same speed have the same kinetic energy. Do you agree or disagree?

6. Chapter Introduction 3.Energy can change from one form to another. 4.Energy is destroyed when you apply the brakes on a moving bicycle or a moving car. Do you agree or disagree?

7. Chapter Introduction 5.Warm water sinks below cool water when they are in the same container. 6.Wearing a coat slows the loss of thermal energy from your body. Do you agree or disagree?

8. Lesson 1 Reading Guide - KC What is energy? What are potential and kinetic energy? How is energy related to work? What are different forms of energy? Forms of Energy

9. Lesson 1 Reading Guide - Vocab energy kinetic energy potential energy work mechanical energymechanical energy Forms of Energy sound energy thermal energy electric energy radiant energy nuclear energy

10. Lesson 1-1 Energy is the ability to cause change.Energy Energy can cause changes in the motions of objects. What is energy? energy from Greek energeia, means “activity”

11. Lesson 1-1 What is energy? (cont.) What is energy?

12. Lesson 1-2 Kinetic energy is energy due to motion.Kinetic energy All moving objects have kinetic energy. The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has. If two objects move at the same speed, the object with more mass has more kinetic energy. Kinetic Energy—Energy of Motion

13. Lesson 1-2 The kinetic energy (KE) of an object depends on its speed and its mass. The vertical bars show the kinetic energy of each vehicle.

14. Lesson 1-2 Kinetic Energy—Energy of Motion (cont.) What is kinetic energy?

15. Lesson 1-3 Potential energy is stored energy due to the interactions between objects or particles.Potential energy The gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the object’s weight and height. Elastic potential energy is energy stored in objects that are compressed or stretched. Potential Energy—Stored Energy

16. Lesson 1-3 Chemical potential energy is energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms.

17. Lesson 1-3 Potential Energy—Stored Energy (cont.) In what way are all forms of potential energy the same?

18. Lesson 1-4 Work is the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied over a distance.Work Work depends on both force and distance. You only do work on an object if that object moves. Energy and Work

19. Lesson 1-4 The girl does work on the box as she lifts it. The work she does transfers energy to the box. The colored bars show the work that the girl does (W) and the box’s potential energy (PE).

20. Lesson 1-4 Energy and Work (cont.) How is energy related to work?

21. Lesson 1-5 All energy can be measured in joules (J).

22. Lesson 1-5

25. Other Forms of Energy Describe three forms of energy.

26. Lesson 1 - VS Energy is the ability to cause change. The gravitational potential energy between an object and Earth increases when you lift the object. You do work on an object when you apply a force to that object over a distance.

27. Lesson 1 – LR1 A.electric energy B.mechanical energy C.radiant energy D.thermal energy Which type of energy is described as the total energy of an object or group of objects due to large- scale motions and interactions?

28. Lesson 1 – LR2 A.work B.electric energy C.kinetic energy D.potential energy What is the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied over a distance?

29. Lesson 1 – LR3 A.kinetic energy B.potential energy C.sound energy D.stored energy Which term refers to energy due to motion?

30. Lesson 1 - Now 1.A fast-moving baseball has more kinetic energy than a slow-moving baseball. 2.A large truck and a small car moving at the same speed have the same kinetic energy. Do you agree or disagree?

31. Lesson 2 Reading Guide - KC What is the law of conservation of energy? How does friction affect energy transformations? How are different types of energy used? Energy Transformations

32. Lesson 2 Reading Guide - Vocab law of conservation of energy friction Energy Transformations

33. Lesson 2-1 The changes from one type of energy to another type of energy are called energy transformations. Changes Between Forms of Energy

34. Lesson 2-1 A microwave oven changes electric energy into radiant energy.

35. Lesson 2-1 Changes Between Forms of Energy (cont.) radiant Science Use transmitted by electromagnetic waves Common Use bright and shining; glowing

36. Lesson 2-2 Energy changes between kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE) when a ball is thrown and moves upward and then downward. Changes Between Kinetic and Potential Energy

37. Lesson 2-2 As the ball moves upward, its speed and kinetic energy decrease, but the potential energy is increasing because the ball’s height is increasing. At the ball’s highest point, the gravitational potential energy is greatest, and the ball’s kinetic energy is the least.

38. Lesson 2-2 As the ball moves downward, potential energy decreases. At the same time, the ball’s kinetic energy increases. When the ball reaches the player’s hand again, its kinetic energy is at the maximum value again.

39. Lesson 2-3 According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can be transformed from one form into another or transferred from one region to another, but energy cannot be created or destroyed.law of conservation of energy The Law of Conservation of Energy What is the law of conservation of energy?

40. Lesson 2-3 FrictionFriction is a force that resists the sliding of two surfaces that are touching. The Law of Conservation of Energy (cont.) friction from Latin fricare, means “to rub”

41. Lesson 2-4 What happens to mechanical energy when you apply the bicycle brakes and the bicycle stops? A moving bicycle has mechanical energy. When you apply the brakes, the bicycle’s mechanical energy is not destroyed. Friction and the Law of Conservation of Energy

42. Lesson 2-4 The mechanical energy is transformed into thermal energy. Friction between the brake pad and the moving wheel transforms mechanical energy into thermal energy. There is always friction between any two surfaces that are rubbing against each other. Friction and the Law of Conservation of Energy (cont.)

43. Lesson 2-4 When you use energy, you usually change it from one form into another. All forms of energy can be transformed into thermal energy. During photosynthesis, a plant transforms the Sun’s radiant energy into chemical energy that it stores in chemical compounds. Using Energy

44. Lesson 2-4 Using Energy (cont.) What happens to energy when it is used?

45. Lesson 2-4 When energy changes form, some thermal energy is always released. Scientists often refer to thermal energy that cannot be used as waste energy. Whenever energy is used, some energy is transformed into useful energy and some is transformed into waste energy. Using Energy (cont.)

46. Lesson 2 - VS Energy can change form, but according to the law of conservation of energy, energy can never be created or destroyed.

47. Lesson 2 - VS Friction transforms mechanical energy into thermal energy. Different forms of energy, such as sound and radiant energy, are used when someone talks on a cell phone.

48. Lesson 2 – LR1 A.electric energy B.radiant energy C.sound energy D.thermal energy All forms of energy can be transformed into what form of energy?

49. Lesson 2 – LR2 A.friction B.potential energy C.energy transformations D.law of conservation of energy What term refers to the changes from one type of energy to another type of energy?

50. Lesson 2 – LR3 A.chemical energy B.electric energy C.kinetic energy D.thermal energy During photosynthesis, a plant transforms the Sun’s radiant energy into what type of energy?

51. Lesson 2 - Now 3.Energy can change from one form to another. 4.Energy is destroyed when you apply the brakes on a moving bicycle or a moving car. Do you agree or disagree?

52. Lesson 3 Reading Guide - KC What is heat? How is thermal energy transferred? Thermal Energy on the Move

53. Lesson 3 Reading Guide - Vocab heat conduction thermal conductor thermal insulator Thermal Energy on the Move convection radiation

54. Lesson 3-1 Heat is thermal energy moving from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.Heat Objects contain thermal energy, not heat. Heat

55. Lesson 3-1 Heat (cont.) How is heat related to thermal energy?

56. Lesson 3-1 The movement of thermal energy causes changes in temperature. Two objects in contact with each other at the same temperature are said to be in thermal equilibrium. Heat (cont.)

57. Lesson 3-2 ConductionConduction is the transfer of thermal energy due to collisions between particles in matter. Conduction

58. Lesson 3-2 Conduction occurs in solids, liquids, and gases. When faster-moving particles collide with nearby particles at slower speeds, thermal energy is transferred. A material in which thermal energy moves quickly is called a thermal conductor.thermal conductor Conduction (cont.)

59. Lesson 3-2 Solids are better thermal conductors than liquids and gases. Most metals are excellent thermal conductors. Conduction (cont.)

60. Lesson 3-2 A material in which thermal energy moves slowly is a thermal insulator.thermal insulator A winter coat filled with an air-trapping material is a good example of a thermal insulator. Conduction (cont.)

61. Lesson 3-3 ConvectionConvection is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another. Convection convection from Latin convehere, means “to carry together”

62. Lesson 3-3 Convection occurs in liquids and gases. Convection begins when part of a liquid or gas becomes warmer than the rest of it. The cooler, denser liquid or gas falls, pushing the warmer, less dense liquid or gas to the top. Convection (cont.)

63. Lesson 3-4 Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another by electromagnetic waves.Radiation Radiation transfers thermal energy through matter or through space, where no matter exists. Radiation occurs between objects that are not in contact. Radiation

64. Lesson 3-4 All objects give off electromagnetic waves, but most are not visible. Extremely hot objects emit visible light. Electromagnetic waves carry energy and radiation transfers this thermal energy from objects at higher temperatures to objects at lower temperatures. Radiation (cont.)

65. Lesson 3-4 Radiation (cont.)

66. Lesson 3 - VS This hat, coat, and scarf are thermal insulators because thermal energy moves slowly through them. The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another is convection. The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves is radiation.

67. Lesson 3 – LR1 A.conduction B.convection C.insulation D.radiation Which term describes the transfer of thermal energy due to collisions between particles in matter?

68. Lesson 3 – LR2 A.particle B.convection current C.thermal conductor D.electromagnetic conductor Which term describes a material in which thermal energy moves quickly?

69. Lesson 3 – LR3 A.conduction B.convection C.electromagnetic waves D.particles in motion Radiation is the movement of energy by which of these?

70. Lesson 3 - Now 5.Warm water sinks below cool water when they are in the same container. 6.Wearing a coat slows the loss of thermal energy from your body. Do you agree or disagree?

71. Chapter Review Menu Key Concept Summary Interactive Concept Map Chapter Review Standardized Test Practice

72. The BIG Idea Energy is the ability to cause change. Energy transformations occur when one form of energy changes into another form of energy. Energy is conserved during energy transformations.

73. Key Concepts 1 Energy is the ability to cause change. Kinetic energy is the energy a body has because it is moving. Potential energy is stored energy. Work is the transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move in the direction of the force while the force is acting on the object. Different forms of energy include thermal energy and radiant energy. Lesson 1: Forms of Energy

74. Key Concepts 2 Lesson 2: Energy Transformations According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can be transformed from one form into another or transferred from one region to another, but energy cannot be created or destroyed. Friction transforms mechanical energy into thermal energy. Different types of energy are used in many ways including providing energy to move your body, to light a room, and to make and to receive cell phone calls.

75. Key Concepts 3 Lesson 3: Thermal Energy on the Move Heat is thermal energy that moves from matter at a higher temperature to matter at a lower temperature. A material through which thermal energy moves quickly is a thermal conductor. There are three ways in which thermal energy is transferred—conduction, convection, and radiation.

76. Chapter Review – MC1 A.energy B.friction C.motion D.work Which term describes the ability to cause change?

77. Chapter Review – MC2 A.thermal energy B.sound energy C.radiant energy D.kinetic energy Which type of energy is due to the motion of particles that make up an object?

78. Chapter Review – MC3 A.friction B.work C.kinetic energy D.waste energy What is a force that resists the sliding of two surfaces that are touching?

79. Chapter Review – MC4 A.waste energy B.thermal energy C.radiant energy D.electric energy Most of the chemical energy used in cars ends up as what kind of energy?

80. Chapter Review – MC5 A.particle B.thermal conductor C.thermal insulator D.electromagnetic wave Which term describes a material in which thermal energy moves slowly?

81. Chapter Review – MC6 A.conduction B.convection C.heat D.radiation What term refers to the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another?

82. Chapter Review – STP1 A.electric energy B.mechanical energy C.radiant energy D.thermal energy What is another term for light energy carried by electromagnetic waves?

83. Chapter Review – STP2 A.force and mass B.mass and distance C.force and distance D.speed and mass Work depends on what two factors?

84. Chapter Review – STP3 A.Energy can be created and destroyed. B.Energy can be created, but not destroyed. C.Energy cannot be created or destroyed. D.Energy cannot be created, but can be destroyed. Which is true according to the law of conservation of energy?

85. Chapter Review – STP4 A.chemical energy B.electric energy C.potential energy D.thermal energy Friction between a bicycle’s brake pads and the moving wheels transforms mechanical energy into what kind of energy?

86. Chapter Review – STP5 A.conduction B.convection C.friction D.heat What describes thermal energy moving from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature?