1. Fundamentals of Web Design Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Introducing XHTML: Module A: Web Design Basics

2. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Goals Understand hyperlinking Understand how tags are formed Understand HTML as a markup language Understand the role of the W3C

3. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science The World Wide Web Accessing cross-referenced documents, known as hypertext linking, is probably the most important aspect of the Web because it allows you to quickly open other Web pages

4. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science The World Wide Web A hypertext link, or hyperlink, contains a reference to a specific Web page that you can click to quickly open that Web page

5. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science The World Wide Web A document on the Web is called a Web page, identified by a unique address called the Uniform Resource Locator, or URL URL commonly referred to as a Web address

6. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science The World Wide Web A URL is a type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), which is a generic term for many types of names and addresses on the World Wide Web

7. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science The World Wide Web A Web site refers to the location on the Internet of the Web pages and related files (such as graphic files) that belong to a company, organization, or individual

8. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science HTML Documents Originally, people created Web pages using Hypertext Markup Language Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a simple language used to create the Web pages that appear on the World Wide Web

9. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science HTML Documents A markup language is a set of characters or symbols that define a document’s logical structure or how a document should be printed or displayed

10. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science HTML Documents HTML is based on an older language called Standard Generalized Markup Language, or SGML, which defines the data in a document independently of how the data will be displayed

11. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science HTML Documents A target output format refers to the medium in which a document will be displayed, such as a Web page or an online help system

12. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Basic HTML Syntax HTML documents are text documents that contain: –formatting instructions, called tags –the text that is to be displayed on a Web page

13. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Basic HTML Syntax HTML tags range from formatting commands to controls that allow user input Tags are enclosed in brackets ( ), and most consist of a starting tag and an ending tag that surround the text or other items they are formatting or controlling

14. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Common Structure and Formatting HTML Tags

15. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Basic HTML Syntax All HTML documents begin with and end with Two other important HTML tags are the tag and the tag

16. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Basic HTML Syntax The tag contains information that is used by the Web browser, and you place it at the start of an HTML document, after the opening tag

17. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Basic HTML Syntax The tag pair and the tags it contains are referred to as the document head Following the document head is the tag, which contains the document body

18. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Basic HTML Syntax The tag pair and the text and tags it contains are referred to as the document body A Web browser’s process of assembling and formatting an HTML document is called parsing or rendering

19. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Basic HTML Syntax You use various parameters, called attributes, to configure many HTML tags You place an attribute before the closing bracket of the starting tag, and separate it from the tag name or other attributes with a space

20. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Basic HTML Syntax

21. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Web Page Design and Authoring Web page design, or Web design, refers to the visual design and creation of the documents that appear on the World Wide Web

22. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Web Page Design and Authoring Web page authoring refers to the creation and assembly of the tags, attributes, and data that make up a Web page

23. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Web Page Design and Authoring This is a subtle, but important distinction: –A book on Web design teaches the visual and graphical design aspects of creating Web pages –A book on XHTML teaches the more basic concepts that you need to get started, such as how to work with tags and attributes

24. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science The W3C Web page authors began to find it necessary to write slightly different HTML code for each Web browser in which they anticipated their Web page would be opened

25. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science The W3C To address the growing need for standards, Tim Berners-Lee established the World Wide Web Consortium, or W3C, in 1994 at MIT to oversee the development of Web technology standards

26. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science The W3C The W3C does not release a version of a particular technology. Instead, it issues a formal recommendation for a technology, which essentially means that the technology is (or will be) a recognized industry standard

27. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Web Browsers At the time of this writing, Internet Explorer browsers are being used by more than 85% of the market. Netscape Navigator also makes up a large part of the browser market.

28. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Web Browsers Three additional browsers that are worth noting are: –Amaya (http://w3.org/amaya) –Mozilla (http://www.mozilla.org) –Opera (http://www.opera.com)

29. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Web Browsers You must test your Web pages in every browser and browser version in which you anticipate they will be opened.

30. Fundamentals of Web Development Copyright ©2004  Department of Computer & Information Science Questions?