1. The Nucleus Controls the Functions of Life

2. Brainstorm What physical features can vary from person to person? Survey the students to determine: Smooth hair line vs widow’s peak Tongue roller vs non-roller Attached ear lobes vs unattached What determines these traits?

3. _______: a particular feature that can vary in size or form from individual to individual within a species ___________: the process through which patterns of traits are passed on from an individual to its offspring. ____________: the organelle that is responsible for heredity and for controlling the functions of the cell The information (______) contained in the nucleus determines traits and controls cell division.

4. DNA is Found in the Nucleus ________________________(_____): carries the master set of instructions for cell function DNA is made up of four different parts (or _____________________), how they connect and how many connect together determines everything that occurs in the cell. _________________: DNA will fold into a very compact X- shaped structure when the cell is ready to divide. Chromosomes are made up of numerous _______ and contain the information for thousands of ________

5. Chromosomes are made up of genes ______: a segment of DNA located on the chromosome that instructs the nucleus to produce a specific protein. The types of __________ made will be observable in the individual person. A gene contains the information to produce a particular trait They store the information needed to produce 90 000 to 100 000 different proteins used in the cells of your body.

6. How are Genes and Chromosomes Different? Think of a train The train is like a _____________ but each car of the train represents an individual ____________. One car on the train determine s eye color, another car determines hair color, another determines height and so on.

7. Task Read “Wild, Weird, Wonderful” on page 120. Illustrate how knowledge of cellular functions has resulted in the development of new technologies.

8. Changes in a cell’s genetic information is possible. ____________: a change in the makeup of a gene located on a chromosome _____________: a substance or factor that can cause mutations in DNA.

9. Mutations and Mutagens ____________________Mutations Chemicals in _____________, cleaning products, and _____________ wastes and nuclear radiation are mutagens that can cause mutations. They upset the life cycle of a cell, upset __________________and cause cancer. ___________________ Mutations Solar radiation (______) and radioactive gases (____________) as well as ________ can cause mutations

10. Mutations and Mutagens When DNA becomes damaged, the __________ in a cell will not be made correctly. Examples: If cells receive too much ____ radiation then this can cause damage to DNA of the cell and the cell cannot reproduce properly – cancer In the 1970’s, some women were given Thalidomide and this affected the ______ replication of the fetus – children were born with physical deformities Genetic information can be altered between generations