1. Diploma Engineering Sem I Om Engineering College, Junagadh.
Active English
Diploma Engineering Sem I
English ( )
Active Passive
Prepared by
I M KHAN
(Asst. Prof. in English)
Om Engineering College, Junagadh.

2. Active / Passive Active (કર્તરી) Action done by the subject
Action done by the object
Example
સુથાર ખુરશી બનાવે છે. (કર્તરી)
ખુરશી સુથાર દ્વારા બને છે (કર્મણી)

3. Please Remember Identify the tense of a sentence from a verb Example:
I write a letter
I wrote a letter
I shall write a letter
Simple Present Tense
Simple Past Tense
Simple Future Tense

4. Please Remember Identify the Subject of the sentence Example:
I write a letter.
who writes a letter?
The answer is “I”, so it’s a subject…

5. Please Remember Identify the object in the sentence Example:
I write a letter
what do you / I write?
The answer is ‘a letter’, so it’s the object….

6. Keys Verb shows you the tense of the sentence
‘who does an action?’ gives you the subject / doer of the action
‘What’ is being acted upon?’ gives you the object of the sentence.

7. Tenses & Syntax of AV & PV
Simple (Present / Past / Future)
AV: S + V + Ob
PV: Ob + to be + V3 + by + Sub.
Progreesive (Present / Past)
AV: S + to be + V4 + Ob
PV: Ob + to be + being + V3 + by + Sub.
Perfect (Present / Past / Future)
AV: S + to have + V3 + Ob
PV: Ob + to have + been + V3 + by + Sub.

8. To be To have Verb Forms Present: Present: am / is / are have / has
Past:
was / were
Future
will be / shall be
Present:
have / has
Past:
had
Future
will have / shall have

9. Verb Form Table Tense To be To have Present Past Future am is are have
has
Past
was
were
had
Future
will be
shall be
will have
shall have

10. If the AV sentence is SIMPLE (Present / Past / Future)
AV object will become PV subject
Appropriate verb of ‘to be’ will come CLICK
Past participle (V3) of root verb will come
‘by’ as conjunction will come
AV subject will become PV object

11. They speak English Simple Present English is spoken by them Subject
Action Verb
Object
English
is spoken
by them
AV object will become PV subject
am / is / are
+ V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

12. They spoke English Simple Past English was spoken by them Subject
Action Verb
Object
English
was spoken
by them
AV object will become PV subject
was/ were
+ V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

13. They will speak English
Simple Future
They will speak English
Subject
Action Verb
Object
English
will be spoken
by them
AV object will become PV subject
will be / shall be
+ V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

14. If the AV sentence is Progressive (Present / Past)
AV object will become PV subject
Appropriate verb of ‘to be’ will come CLICK
‘being’ will come after ‘to be’ verb
Past participle (V3) of root verb will come
‘by’ as conjunction will come
AV subject will become PV object

15. They are speaking English
Progressive Present
They are speaking English
Subject
Action Verb
Object
English
is being spoken
by them
AV object will become PV subject
am / is / are + being +
V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

16. They were speaking English
Progressive Past
They were speaking English
Subject
Action Verb
Object
English
was being spoken
by them
AV object will become PV subject
was / were + being +
V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

17. If the AV sentence is Perfect (Present / Past / Future)
AV object will become PV subject
Appropriate verb of ‘to have’ will come CLICK
‘been’ will come after ‘to be’ verb
Past participle (V3) of root verb will come
‘by’ as conjunction will come
AV subject will become PV object

18. They have spoken English
Perfect Present
They have spoken English
Subject
Action Verb
Object
English
has been spoken
by them
AV object will become PV subject
have / has + been +
V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

19. They had spoken English
Perfect Past
They had spoken English
Subject
Action Verb
Object
English
had been spoken
by them
AV object will become PV subject
had + been +
V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

20. They will have spoken English
Perfect Future
They will have spoken English
Subject
Action Verb
Object
English
will have been spoken
by them
AV object will become PV subject
will have / shall have + been + V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

21. How will pronouns change?
Active
Passive I We
You
They He
She It
by me
by us
by you
by them
by him
by her
by it

22. Modal Auxiliaries will be changes as below
Can
Could
May
Might
Shall
Should
Will
Would
Must
Has to / have to
Can be
Could be
May be
Might be
Shall be
Should be
Will be
Would be
Must be
Has to be / have to be

23. I can write a letter A letter can be written by me Modal Auxuliaries
AV object will become PV subject
To be
+ V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

24. We have to follow rules Rules have to be followed by us
Modal Auxuliaries
We have to follow rules
Rules
have to be followed
by us
AV object will become PV subject
To be
+ V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

25. Transitive & Intransitive Verb
Verb with ‘object’ is a transitive verb.
Verb that has no object is intransitive verb
Example
He draws a picture. (transitive)
What does he draw?, ‘a picture’, so it’s an object
Birds fly (intransitive)
This verb ‘fly’ has no object so it’s intransitive

26. Intransitive Sentences cannot come to passive form
Sentences without objects
Underlined words are not object
I am going to school.
Birds fly in the sky
They are coming today
He is going at 5 PM
Adverbial of place
Adverbial of frequency
Adverbial of time

27. Sentence with more than one object
Sentence may have more than one object. In such cases, it can be turned into passive voice in two ways using two objects each time. Example I wrote a letter to my mother. First object : a letter Second object : my mother

28. I wrote a letter to my mother.
More than one object
I wrote a letter to my mother.
Ob.1
Ob.2
A letter
was written
to my mother
by me
My mother
was written
a letter
by me

29. We corrected the mistakes. Someone had stolen Narayan’s passport.
WINTER 2012 ( ) Q.5 (a)
They may ban the film.
We corrected the mistakes.
Someone had stolen Narayan’s passport.
A mechanic is repairing my car.
I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company.
Manners reveal character.
Do you expect good result?

30. They may ban the film The film may be banned by them
WINTER 2012 ( ) Q.5 (a)
They may ban the film The film may be banned by them
Object
Subject

31. We corrected the mistakes. The mistakes were corrected by us
WINTER 2012 ( ) Q.5 (a)
We corrected the mistakes. The mistakes were corrected by us
Object
Subject

32. WINTER 2012 ( ) Q.5 (a)
Someone had stolen Narayan’s passport. Narayan’s pasport had been stolen by someone
Object
Subject

33. A mechanic is repairing my car. My car is being repaired by a mechanic
WINTER 2012 ( ) Q.5 (a)
A mechanic is repairing my car. My car is being repaired by a mechanic
Subject
Object

34. WINTER 2012 ( ) Q.5 (a)
Object
Subject
I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company. A letter has been written to the vice president of the company by me

35. WINTER 2012 ( ) Q.5 (a)
Subject
I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company. The vice president of the company has been written a letter by me
Object

36. Manners reveal character. Character is revealed by manners
WINTER 2012 ( ) Q.5 (a)
Manners reveal character. Character is revealed by manners
Subject
Object

37. Do you expect good result? Is good result expected by you?
WINTER 2012 ( ) Q.5 (a)
Do you expect good result? Is good result expected by you?
Subject
Object

38. The monkeys threw stones at the dogs
SUMMER Q. 4 (c)
The monkeys threw stones at the dogs
The policeman will catch the thieves soon.
The students are writing their papers now.
He has forgotten a speech now.
The clerk did not give him proper information.
My uncle was driving a car at that time.
He can secure the first position in the college.

39. SUMMER Q. 4 (c)
The monkeys threw stones at the dogs Stones were thrown at the dogs by the monkeys
Subject
Object

40. SUMMER Q. 4 (c)
The policeman will catch the thieves soon. The thieves will soon be caught by the policeman
Subject
Object

41. SUMMER Q. 4 (c)
The students are writing their papers now. Students’ papers are now being written by them.
Subject
Object

42. He has forgotten a speech now. A speech has now been forgotten by him
SUMMER Q. 4 (c)
Subject
He has forgotten a speech now. A speech has now been forgotten by him
Object

43. SUMMER Q. 4 (c)
The clerk did not give him proper information. He was not given proper information by the clerk
Subject
Object

44. SUMMER Q. 4 (c)
The clerk did not give him proper information. Proper information was not given to him by the clerk
Subject
Object

45. SUMMER Q. 4 (c)
My uncle was driving a car at that time. A car was being driven at that time by my uncle
Subject
Object

46. SUMMER Q. 4 (c)
He can secure the first position in the college. The first position in the college can be secured by him.
Subject
Object

47. Valmiki wrote the Ramayana. He has published the book recently.
SUMMER Q.4 (c)
Valmiki wrote the Ramayana.
He has published the book recently.
She is making tea.
They will open a new shop shortly.
He can repair this machine.
We should help the poor.
Rama is reading a story.

48. Valmiki wrote the Ramayana. The Ramayana was written by Valmiki
SUMMER Q.4 (c)
Valmiki wrote the Ramayana. The Ramayana was written by Valmiki
Subject
Object

49. SUMMER Q.4 (c)
He has published the book recently. The book has recently been published by him
Subject
Object

50. She is making tea. Tea is being made by her
SUMMER Q.4 (c)
She is making tea. Tea is being made by her
Subject
Object

51. SUMMER Q.4 (c)
They will open a new shop shortly. A new shop will shortly be opened by them
Subject
Object

52. He can repair this machine. This machine can be repaired by him.
SUMMER Q.4 (c)
He can repair this machine. This machine can be repaired by him.
Subject
Object

53. We should help the poor. The poor should be helped by us
SUMMER Q.4 (c)
We should help the poor. The poor should be helped by us
Subject
Object

54. Rama is reading a story. A story is being read by Rama
SUMMER Q.4 (c)
Rama is reading a story. A story is being read by Rama
Subject
Object

55. Active English (page no. 51 to 52)
The book is written by him.
He was writing a book.
Himanshu was praised by his teacher.
Somebody has given him a gift.
The police will catch the criminal soon.
He writes the book.
A book was being written by him.
Himanshu’s teacher praised him.
A gift has been given to him by somebody.
The criminal will soon be caught by the police.

56. Active English (page no. 52)
Hema can make a cake.
She is invited to the party.
He will be called for an interview.
Kalpesh had finished his homework before you went to his house.
They are playing cricket in the ground.
A cake can be made by Hema.
They invite her to the party.
The company will call him for an interview.
Kalpesh’s homework had been finished by him before you went to his house.
Cricket is being played by them in the ground.

57. Active English (page no. 52)
Columbus discovered America.
The children are playing cricket in the garden now.
I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company.
Police catch thieves.
I was buying a doll for my daughter when you called me.
America was discovered by Columbus.
Cricket is now being played by the children in the garden.
A letter has been written by me to the Vice President of the Company.
Thieves are caught by police.
A doll was being bought by me when I was called by you.

58. Active English (page no. 52)
You should open the door as we feel suffocated here.
She will cook the food for the guests next Sunday.
I had discovered new places in Goa before any one reached there
Manners reveal character.
They refused admission to Rajat.
The door should be opened by you as we feel suffocated here.
The food will be cooked by her for the guests next Sunday.
New places had been discovered by me in Goa before any one reached there.
Character is revealed by manners.
Rajat was refused admission by them.

59. Active English (page no. 53)
I expect a good result.
The girl has given a brilliant performance on the stage.
Sachin hit eight sixes in the last ODI match.
He can secure the first position in the exam.
I am not reading a book right now.
A good result is expected by me.
A brilliant performance has been given on the stage by the girl.
Eight sixes were hit in the last ODI match by Sachin.
The first position can be secured by him in the exam.
A book is not being read now by me.

60. I.M.Khan..