1. Memory The Phenomenon of Memory

2. 5 minute quick write In your notes, list all of the things you would not be able to do if you did not have a properly functioning memory

3. Desk Golf club Stapler Meatloaf Basketball Cow Tomato Pencil Banana Horse Baseball Paper clip Celery Soccer ball Squirrel Dog

4. Memory test http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= OOr8ryJUOyQ&safety_mode=true&p ersist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

5. Printer Cat Sandwich Owl Computer T-shirt Spaghetti Sandals Lion Broccoli Keyboard Shorts Elephant Filing cabinet Apple Sunglasses

7. What is memory?  What is memory?  Memory  persistence of learning over time via the storage and retrieval of information

8. The Structure of Memory Information Processing Model Memory involves Encoding Storage Retrieval A memory is not stored as one object

9. Information Processing  Encoding  the processing of information into the memory system  Storage  the retention of encoded information over time  Retrieval  process of getting information out of memory

10. Three types of memory  Sensory Memory  the immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system  Short-Term Memory  activated memory that holds a few items briefly  Long-Term Memory  the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system

11. Sensory Memory The initial recording of sensory information in the memory system Iconic Memory A fleeting photographic memory Lasts only a few tenths of a second

14. A Model of Memory External events Sensory memory Short-term memory Long-term memory Sensory input Attention to important or novel information Encoding Retrieving

15. Memory Encoding: Getting Information In

16. How We Encode Encoding EffortfulAutomatic

17. How We Encode  Automatic Processing  unconscious encoding of incidental information  space  time  frequency  well-learned information  word meanings  we can learn automatic processing  reading backwards

18. How we encode.citamotua emoceb nac gnissecorp luftroffE Effortful processing can become automatic..ecitcarp elttil a sekat tsuj tI It just takes a little practice..siht ta retteb gnitteg era ouy that ees ydaerla nac ouY You can already see that you are getting better at this.

19. How We Encode  Effortful Processing  requires attention and conscious effort  Rehearsal  conscious repetition of information  to maintain it in consciousness  to encode it for storage

20. Effortful Processing Studied by Hermann Ebbinghaus Principles of effortful processing The amount remembered depends on the time spent learning Spacing effect Serial position effect

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22. What We Encode We encode meaning We encode imagery We encode organization

23. Encoding Meaning Semantic Encoding  encoding of meaning  including meaning of words  Acoustic Encoding  encoding of sound  especially sound of words  Visual Encoding  encoding of picture images

24. Encoding Meaning

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26. Encoding Imagery  Imagery  mental pictures  a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding  Mnemonics  memory aids  especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

27. Mnemonics Method of Loci Peg word Chunking

28. Organizing Information  Chunking  organizing items into familiar, manageable units  like horizontal organization  1 7 7 6 1 4 9 2 1 8 1 2 1 9 4 1  (1776) (1492) (1812) (1941)  often occurs automatically  use of acronyms  HOMES--Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior  ARITHMETIC--A Rat In Tom’s House Might Eat Tom’s Ice Cream

29. Encoding: Chunking  Organized information is more easily recalled

30. Encoding: Hierarchies  Hierarchies: complex information broken down into broad concepts and further subdivided into categories and subcategories Encoding (automatic or effortful) Imagery (visual Encoding) Meaning (semantic Encoding) Organization ChunksHierarchies