1. Geometric Transformations:
Translation: slide Reflection: flip (mirror) Rotation: turn Dialation: enlarge or reduce

2. Notation:
Pre-Image: original figure Image: after transformation. Use prime notation A’ C
C ’ B B’ A

3. Isometry AKA: congruence transformation
a transformation in which an original figure and its image are congruent.

4. Theorems about isometries
FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ISOMETRIES
Any two congruent figures in a plane can be mapped onto one another by at most 3 reflections
ISOMETRY CLASSIFICATION THEOREM
There are only 4 isometries. They are:

5. TRANSLATION: moves all points in a plane a given direction a fixed distance

6. TRANSLATION VECTOR: (also known as translation rule) Direction Magnitude
PRE-IMAGE
IMAGE

7. Translate by the vector (rule) <x, y>

8. x moves horizontal y moves vertical
Translate by <3, 4>

9. Different notation T(x, y) -> (x+3, y+4)

10. Translations PRESERVE: Size Shape Orientation

11. Reflection over a line (mirror)

12. Properties of reflections
PRESERVE
Size (area, length, perimeter…)
Shape
CHANGE
orientation (flipped)

13. Reflect x-axis: (a, b) -> (a,-b) Change sign y-coordinate

14. Reflect y-axis: (a, b) -> (-a, b) Change sign on x coordinate

16. X-axis reflection

17. Y-axis reflection

18. Rotations have:
Center of rotation
Angle of rotation:

19. Rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise

20. ROTATIONS PRESERVE SIZE SHAPE ORIENTATION Length of sides
Measure of angles
Area
Perimeter
SHAPE
ORIENTATION

21. Rotations on a coordinate plane about the origin
90 (a, b) -> (-b, a)
180 (a, b) -> (-a, -b)
270 (a, b) -> (b, -a)
360 (a, b) -> (a, b)

22. Coordinate Geometry rules
Reflections
x axis (a, b) -> (a, -b)
y axis (a, b) -> (-a, b)
y=x (a, b) -> (b, a)
Rotations about the origin
90 (a, b) -> (-b, a)
180 (a, b) -> (-a, -b)
270 (a, b) -> (b, -a)
360 (a, b) -> (a, b)

23. GLIDE REFLECTIONS You can combine different Geometric Transformations…

24. Practice: Reflect over y = x then translate by the vector <2, -3>

25. After Reflection…

26. After Reflection and translation…

27. Symmetry Line Symmetry Rotational Symmetry
If a figure can be reflected onto itself over a line.
Rotational Symmetry
If a figure can be rotated about some point onto itself through a rotation between 0 and 360 degrees

28. What kinds of symmetry do each of the following have?

29. What kinds of symmetry do each of the following have?
Rotational (180) Point Symmetry
Rotational (90, 180, 270)
Point Symmetry
Rotational (60, 120, 180, 240, 300)
Point Symmetry

30. Dilations
A dilation is a transformation (notation ) that produces an image that is the same shape as the original, but is a different size. A dilation stretches or shrinks the original figure. The description of a dilation includes the scale factor (orratio) and the center of the dilation. The center of dilation is a fixed point in the plane about which all points are expanded or contracted.

31. Dilations & Scale Factor
A dilation of scale factor k whose center of dilation is the origin may be written: Dk (x, y) = (kx, ky). If the scale factor, k, is greater than 1, the image is an enlargement (a stretch). If the scale factor is between 0 and 1, the image is a reduction (a shrink). (It is possible, but not usual, that the scale factor is 1, thus creating congruent figures.)

32. Dilations Preserve
Properties Preserved (invariant) under a dilation: 1. angle measures (remain the same) 2. parallelism (parallel lines remain parallel) 3. colinearity (points stay on the same lines) 4. midpoint (midpoints remain the same in each figure) 5. orientation (lettering order remains the same) distance is NOT preserved (NOT an isometry) (lengths of segments are NOT the same in all cases except a scale factor of 1)

33. Dilations Create Similar Figures