1. GREECE: THE GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

2. Many Greek Gods Architecture: The Parthenon

3. Born in Miletus, Greece 2,500 years ago Born in Greece 624-546 BC Meletus

4. The eclipse occurred during the sixth year of a battle, and it stopped the fighting, All the people admired Thales for his wisdom.

5. Thales’ Experiment: + Thales holding lightening bolts of electricity Thales rubbed amber on cat hair. An electrical charge was created. He was able to pick up straw and grass with the amber stone.

6. air, fire, water, earth

7. Thales went to Egypt to study math. While there, he determined the height of a pyramid by measuring the length of its shadow, knowing that the length of his own shadow was equal to his height. www.http:cnx.org/content/m15423/latest/ Thales was looking at the sky, and he fell in a well.

8. Thales solves a Math problem: Do you see what Thales did? He used an abstract right triangle! He pictured the height of the Great Pyramid as an imaginary post from its top straight down to its base. Such an imaginary post would cast an imaginary shadow, all the way from where it stood at the center of the pyramid clear out to the tip of the pyramid's real shadow: so the length of this imaginary shadow would be one-half the length of the base plus the actual projecting shadow! Therefore: Height of Great Pyramid = (½ its Base + its Shadow ) X Thales’ Height Thales’ Shadow Selections from Julia E. Diggins, String, Straightedge, and Shadow Viking Press, New York, 1965. (Illustrations by Corydon Bell)

9. Thales’ Theorems Thales' theorem: if AC is a diameter, then the angle at B is a right angle. Intercept Theorem, about the ratios of the line segments that are created if two intersecting lines are intercepted by a pair of parallels (and, by extension, the ratios of the sides of similar triangles).

10. Philosophy comes from the Greek words: philo=love + sophia=wisdom, so philosophy is the love of wisdom and learning. A philosopher is a wise person, also called a sage. Philosophers are very curious and they ask questions about everything in the universe. Are you a philosopher? Thales was the first to say that the Greek gods did not create everything. He was the first to use the Scientific Method to answer questions. Thales was the first to ask: “What is the basic element that makes up everything?”

11. The Oracle of Delphi The oracle was a woman who sat on a stone stool and foretold the future to kings and princes. She was in the Temple of Apollo in Delphi, Greece. Inscribed at the entrance were the words: “Know thyself,” believed to be spoken by Thales or Socrates.

13. Know Thyself! 1. What is your favorite thing to do in your spare time? ________________________________________ 2. What career do want to pursue? ________________________________________ 3. What do you need to do to achieve your goal? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 4. What could keep you from achieving your goal? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 5. What do you need to do to overcome these obstacles? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 6. Who can help you achieve your goal? ________________________________________ ________________________________________

14. The first to recognize that fossils are the remains of plants and animals that lived long ago. Out of rock at the top of a mountain in Attica, Greece, he found fossilized clam shells that were similar to clams that were living along the coastline of the Aegean Sea. Xenophanes hypothesized that the clams he found lived at a much earlier time when that area of Greece was covered by an ocean. At this early period in history, there was no way to test his idea. Greek Philosopher 570 – 475

15. Greek Philosopher - 490 – 430 B.C. Answer these questions “true” or “false:” 1. Some things are in motion. 2. How I know that some things are in motion is easy to explain. Zeno asked: “How do you know for certain that things move? Zeno believed that motion was an illusion (not real): Although it appears as if things move, they do not move. Our brain and 5 senses can fool us. Selections from David A. White, Ph.D, Philosophy for Kids, Prufrock Press, Inc., Waco, Texas, 2001.

16. A parodox is a statement that seems silly or false, but it has truth. It may be a statement that is the opposite of what you expect. It may be a verbal paradox which seems to say the opposite of what it means: “This sentence is a lie.” “It is more tiring to stand than to walk.” It may be a visual paradox in which you think you see one thing, but it is really something else or maybe it is both:

19. http://www.careylarson.info/docs/540_Project/visual.htm

23. 2010 Democritus Leucippus Atomists who believed that the world was composed of atoms (Greek: “not cuttable”), indivisible bodies, and void (nothing). Atoms were seen as unchanging, moving about in the void, combining to form new substances.