1. Database Software Brief Description James Brucker

2. Free Relational Databases MySQL - one of the most popular runs on almost any OS "free" for non-commercial use only widely used in OpenSource software - "LAMP" apps many useful tools: MySQL Administrator (Windows or Linux) MySQL Query Browser phpMyAdmin MySQL now owned by Sun Microsystems http://www.mysql.com

3. Free Relational Databases PostgreSQL - another popular database Based on Berkeley Postgres Open Source, can be used in commercial apps without a licence Reputation as very stable and reliable Included with Linux, widely used in OpenSource Has some O-O features http://www.postgresql.org

4. Free Lightweight Databases HSQLDB - lightweight, fast database written in Java store database in memory or on disk. can embed in Java application - no separate server don't need to install a database server or disk- based database can also run in server mode and access via JDBC very useful for development, test, and "demo" systems http://hsqldb.org

5. Free Lightweight Databases Derby - lightweight, pure Java database formerly "Cloudscape", donated to Apache foundation very small: 2MB for database engine and JDBC driver only 1 user can connect at a time can embed in Java applications - no separate server similar to HSQLDB included with Sun JavaEE as "Java DB" http://db.apache.org/derby

6. Database without a manager Berkeley DB - Sleepycat.com (RIP) libraries for embedded database using the OS's file system. No db manager, No network access, No query language. used as data tier for LDAP, sendmail, and many Open Source applications. very small and fast -- faster than any relational DB with manager for random queries and updates. bought by Oracle in 2006: http://www.oracle.com/database/berkeley-db/index.html still Open Source under the "Sleepycat Public License" and "Sleepycat Commercial License", which does not require distributing the source code with your app. Berkeley DB has both a C and pure Java version language bindings for: C++, Perl, Python, Ruby, many others

7. Community Edition Databases IBM DB2 Express-C - relational DB with XML support DB2 is commercial, community edition is free much documentation on IBM academic web site http://www.ibm.com/university http://www.ibm.com/db2/express Oracle 11g Express Edition (XE) leading market share among commercial databases XE is simpler to administer than full Oracle http://www.oracle.com

8. Commercial Databases Databases ranked by 2006 revenue (million US$). Source: Gartner Research (www.gartner.com)

9. Getting MySQL http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/ Server and client Query Browser, Admin Tool Java, ODBC,.Net, PHP Many platforms: Windows, Linux, Solaris, Mac OS-X

10. MySQL Software Server and Client mysql-essential-5.x.y-win32.msi mysql-standard-5.x.y-linux-i686-glib23.rpm GUI Tools mysql-gui-tools-5.0r6-platform mysql-query-browser-1.1.17-win.msi Connectors Connector/J Java JDBC Connector/ODBC Windows ODBC Connector/Net Microsoft.Net For CPE Lab, can download from http://se.cpe.ku.ac.th/download/mysql

11. How to Administer MySQL To manage a database server, you need an administrator account and administration tool mysqladmin - command line tool MySQL Administrator - GUI tool from MySQL.com phpMyAdmin - Web-based admin tool, open source Webmin - another Web-based admin tool, for Linux

12. MySQL Administrator Connection Window Main Window, "Catalogs" view

13. phpMyAdmin http://www.phpmyadmin.net

14. mysqladmin and mysql Useful command line tools. Change MySQL administrator password. Create new database. Import data / export data. Modify privilege tables. cmd> mysqladmin Usage: mysqladmin [OPTIONS] command command.... Where command is a one or more of: create databasename Create a new database drop databasename Delete a database and all its tables flush-tables Flush all tables password new-password Change old password to new-password reload Reload grant tables shutdown Take server down status Gives a short status message from server version Get version info from server

15. Create database and tables cmd> mysql -h hostname -u root -p Password: ******** mysql> create database Students; Query OK, 1 row affected mysql> use Students; Database changed mysql> show tables; Empty set mysql> CREATE TABLE student ( firstname VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, id CHAR(8) NOT NULL, birthday DATE, PRIMARY KEY(id) ); Query OK, 0 rows affected

16. Batch mode table/database creation DROP TABLE IF EXISTS 'City'; CREATE TABLE 'City' ( `ID` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, `Name` char(35) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `CountryCode` char(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `District` char(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `Population` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY (`ID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; It is easier and more repeatable to put SQL commands in a file and process the file using a MySQL client. For example: cmd> mysql -u root -p < filename.sql Password: ******** or while using mysql: mysql> source filename.sql Data in file:

17. Another Batch Example -- create table for student data -- use the 'UTF8' character set for Thai names -- Jim Brucker, Jan 2006 USE test; -- this will discard any existing data!!! DROP TABLE IF EXISTS students; CREATE TABLE students ( id CHAR(8) NOT NULL, prefix VARCHAR(24) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', firstname VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', lastname VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', enfirstname VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', enlastname VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', PRIMARY KEY(id) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

18. Adding Data to Tables

19. Using Comma Separated Text files cmd> mysql -h hostname -u root -p Password: ******** mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/path/filename' INTO TABLE tbl_name FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' ESCAPED BY '\\' ; Query OK, 499 rows affected "James","Brucker","jb@yahoo.com",1234 "George","Bush","president@whitehouse.gov",1111 "Santa","","claus@northpole.org",001 Comma Separated Values (CSV) is a common interchange format for text data. Used by Excel, Yahoo AddressBook,... many apps.

20. MySQL Users What identifies a user? DBMS accepts connection over a network. "student" on local machine may not be the same person as "student" on pirates.com even if "student" is the same, you may want to assign different privileges. MySQL identifies users as: username@hostname

21. Creating a User Easy way: use MySQLAdmin or phpMyAdmin. Command line (MySQL 5.0): mysql> CREATE USER 'user1'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret'; mysql> CREATE USER 'user1'@'%.ku.ac.th' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret2'; mysql> CREATE USER 'user1'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'hackme';

22. Managing Users and Permissions Give "guest" permission to view the World database: sql> GRANT SELECT ON world.* TO guest; Allow "student" to insert/edit records in the City table: sql> GRANT INSERT,UPDATE ON world.City TO student; All "student" to modify the population field of existing countries (but not add new countries): sql> GRANT UPDATE(population) on world.Country TO student; Deny all privileges to everything to "hacker": sql> REVOKE ALL on *.* TO Hacker;

23. GRANT / REVOKE Syntax privilege: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, REFERENCES, CREATE, ALTER, DROP, INDEX, CREATE_VIEW, SHOW_VIEW with_option GRANT OPTION MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count GRANT privilege[(column_list)] [,... ] ON { table_name | * | *.* | db_name.* } TO user [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD] 'password'] [,... ] [WITH with_option... ]

24. GRANT / REVOKE Example student can query, insert, update, and delete records in the world database, but he can't change the database schema or indexing, can't grant privileges to others. This command also creates a student user with password secret. GRANT select,insert,update,delete ON world.* TO student@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret' ;

25. GRANT / REVOKE Example Create an admin user for the "wiki" database so that you can create tables, indices, etc. Access allowed only on local machine, not over network. Typical way of setting database permissions for a web application. GRANT ALL ON wiki.* TO 'wikiadmin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret' ;

26. Privileges you can GRANT and REVOKE Type of Operation Statement View table data SELECT Add rows to a table INSERT Modify data in a table UPDATE Delete rows DELETE Reference a table from another REFERENCES Drop tables DROP Create or Alter tables CREATE, ALTER Index a table by an expression INDEX All privileges ALL

27. Exercise Create a user named "hacker". Give hacker permission to view data in world.Country and world.City, but not world.CountryLanguage. Give hacker permission to view, insert, update, and delete rows in all tables in the test database.

28. Resources MySQL http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/dotnet/ Learning SQL http://www.w3schools.com/sql/ nice tutorial and command reference