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Agricultural Development in Pakistan Waqar Akram Visiting Fulbright Scholar, SIBA, Pakistan Advisor Dr Shida Henneberry Director of the Master of International Agriculture Program Regents Professor of Agricultural Economics Don & Cathey Humphreys Chair in International Studies
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Pakistan at Glance Area 796,095 km 2 Created 14 th Aug 1947 GDP $237Billion Population 188 million Rural 113 million Four Provinces Muslims 97 percent Languages Urdu and English(business) Semi-industrialized 26 th largest in terms of purchasing power 45 th largest in terms of NGDP Nuclear power
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Agriculture Resources Total area 79.6 million hectares, cultivated area 21.2 million hectares the rest of the territory is rangelands. Cropped area 23.8 million hectares, forests – 4.21 million hectares. Irrigation system 80 percent best canal system Livestock and fisheries 11% & 0.4% Five Rivers Indus Valley (Sindh River) 2700Km long Dams Tarbela (1976) and Mangla (1967)
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Primitive Agriculture 1950’s! Agriculture growth (1949-1958) Average 1.43 percent Population growth (1949-1958)Approximately 3 percent Wheat and rice as cereal crops wheat staple food (62 percent food calories) Contribution to GDP 53.2 percent Labor force in Agriculture 65.3 percent
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Transformation of Agriculture (Green revolution 1960-70) Introduction two phases; First phase (1960-1964/5) Irrigation facilities (tube wells-25,000 and canal water) Second Phase (1965-1970) Dr Norman E Borlaug (Nobel Prize-1970)Dr Norman E Borlaug HYV (Wheat-Maxi-Pak, Wheat and Maize Institute Mexico)(Rice-IRRI, Philippines) and fertilizer Resounding success Wheat production increased 91 percent Rice production increased 141 percent Agriculture growth (1969-70) highest 10 percent
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Agriculture, livestock and value addition
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Agriculture Contribution to Economy 2014-15
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Rosy picture Chickpea (2nd) Rice (4th) Cotton (4th) Mango (4th) Sugarcane (5 th) Milk (5th) Date Palm (5th) Apricot (6th) Kinnow, Mandarin Oranges, Clementine (6th) Onion(7th) Wheat (7th)
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Dark Picture
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Rural – The neglected sector in Pakistan’ s Development Strategy 62% of the population is rural High incidence of rural poverty (39%?!) High agricultural growth appears to have coincided with rising poverty levels Recognition that non-farm sector growth is necessary to address rural poverty Share of household income from rural non-farm activities is growing SJ Malik 2014
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Striking Example for opportunities !
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One Example: Potential Gains from Increases in Crop Yield Major Crops – $60.5 Million Potential Gain CROP GAIN from reaching achievable yields Billion $.% Cotton14.3163.6 Sugar Cane6.5160.0 Rice6.494.1 Maize6.4316.7 Wheat26.9166.7 Source: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council Estimates
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Get gains from Value addition approach for example processing, packaging, and marketing
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Government is not an Answer!
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Grab the opportunity and rise as Agri-prepreneurs of Pakistan
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Thanks.
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References and material taken from Sanderatne, Nirmal, `Land Owners and Land Reforms in Pakistan`,in Ali,Karamat,op.cit., 1986. Mohammad,Moazam,`The Pattern of Adoption of Green Revolution Technology and its Effects on Landholdings in Punjab`, in Ali,Karamat,op.cit., 1986 Khan, Masood Hasan, Classes and Agrarian Transition in Pakistan`, Ali,Karamat,op.cit., 1986. Burki,Shahid Javed, `The Development of Pakistan's Agriculture: An interdisciplinary Explanation`, in Stevens, Robert D., et al.(eds) Rural Development in Bangladesh and Pakistan, University Press of Hawaii, Honolula, 1976. Dr S J Malik 2014 Seminar on growing economic problems of Pakistan Akbar Zaidi S 2004 Issues in Pakistan Economy, Published by Oxford University press
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