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Published byJonathan Franklin Modified over 11 years ago
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David Smith The Sunday Times
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The Boustead Annual Globalisation Lecture The global financial crisis and the changing world economy
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The global economys shifting sands
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After the upheaval How did we get here and where are we going?
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A self-feeding cycle Prolonged growth Rising confidence Excessive lending
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The global economy looked unstoppable
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The (brief) rise and fall of sub-prime
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A leveraged buyout boom
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The long credit boom
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The rise of shadow banking
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The financial sector lent to itself
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… and to the rest of the economy
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Housing boom and bust: Spain, UK, US, Japan
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House of cards topples US house prices start to fall sharply, first big national fall since the depression. Subprime loans and securities start to look unsafe – not AAA but junk. Banks realise they are heading for huge losses and, importantly, so are other banks.
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The biggest financial storm in a century
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Extreme financial volatility (VIX)
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Time heals – a long time since 2008
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A dramatic response (central banks)
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But the worst post-1945 world recession
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The 1970s, 80s and 90s in context
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A world trade collapse
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And a rise in unemployment
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Shrinking banking capacity
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And very painful fiscal hangovers
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… which will endure
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Plenty of global green shoots
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Global PMIs have recovered well
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As world trade bounces back
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Led by Asia
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… globalisation threat averted
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A more open world
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A V-shaped recovery from the IMF
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A fast-changing world
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China and India were mighty before
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Start of the great divergence
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No double-dip with emerging economies strong
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Not just an Asian story
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But a recovery led by Asia
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Barely a missed beat in China
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Back to the future
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But how quickly will it happen?
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Where the growth will come from
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Closing the per capita gap
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China imports as well as exports
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But global imbalances remain
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A rising Asian middle class
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Large reserve holdings
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Closing the innovation gap?
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Accelerating the global shift 2007: China was expected to overtake Japans GDP in 2015, America in the mid- 2030s. 2010: China has already overtaken Japan; will overtake America in the 2020s. Global crisis and its aftermath has accelerated the shift by 5-10 years. China, India and America will be the worlds big three: only one is flagging.
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What could go wrong (short-term)? Credit Crunch II – refinancing and deleveraging by the banks. Sovereign debt – the euro zone and beyond. Currency wars – China versus America as the new heavyweight bout but also others. Protectionism – either provoked by or in addition to currency manipulation. Fiscal consolidation and the economic and political reaction to it. The unknown unknowns.
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What could go wrong (long-term?) Politics – a backlash against capitalism; pressures for greater democracy; inequality. Growth momentum fades dramatically as the easy catch-up phase comes to an end. Globalisation goes into reverse, led by the actions of the advanced economies. Resource constraints.
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