1. How do children compare with chimps? Empathy, deception and cooperation

2. Are chimps capable of empathy? Premack & Woodruff (1978) The trouble with Premack & Woodruff: The trouble with Premack & Woodruff: Is it necessary to engage in empathy in order to identify a problem solution? Possibly not. Possibly not.

3. Warneken & Tomasello, 2006, Science

5. How Sarah inspired the study of deception Woodruff & Premack (1979) Do chimps understand the two-way link between communicating and knowing? Do chimps understand the two-way link between communicating and knowing? If you want to mislead someone, feed them with misinformation! If you want to mislead someone, feed them with misinformation! Conversely, trust communication from someone who is honest and informed! Conversely, trust communication from someone who is honest and informed!

6. Povinelli et al.

7. Results

8. Heyes (1994): Training studies are inadequate Povinellis (1990) new condition solves the problem

9. Variations on the theme

10. A nonverbal analogue of the message- desire task (Call & Tomasello, 2000) Stage 1: A man watches as a treat is hidden under one of two cups; the chimp cant see the hiding Stage 1: A man watches as a treat is hidden under one of two cups; the chimp cant see the hiding Stage 2: The man leaves Stage 2: The man leaves Stage 3: The cups (and their contents) are swapped around Stage 3: The cups (and their contents) are swapped around Stage 4: The man returns and points to one of the cups Stage 4: The man returns and points to one of the cups Stage 5: The chimp has a single chance to retrieve the reward and is scored correct is she looks under the cup the man did not point to Stage 5: The chimp has a single chance to retrieve the reward and is scored correct is she looks under the cup the man did not point to