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Stuart Hunt Interlend 2003, Cambridge, July 2003 The European Interlending Environment
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Outline Is there a European interlending environment? Types of European ILL activity Objective or environmentally conditioned problems?
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“The shared use of individual library collections is a necessary element of international co-operation by libraries. Just as no library can be self-sufficient in meeting all the information needs of its users, so no country can be self-sufficient. The supply of loans and copies between libraries in different countries is a valuable and necessary part of the ILL process.” International Lending and Document Delivery: Principles and Guidelines for Procedure, 2001 rev. IFLA
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Types of ILL activity RegionalLimited choice NationalSimple solutions ContinentalMultiple choices Inter-continentalComplex solutions Planned vs unplanned decentralisation Regions vs library-to-library } }
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Centralised/distributed ILL Centralised model May make doing international ILL easier BUT slower & more costly Distributed model Greater control over choice of service Neither may be used exclusively Centralised collapses into distributed Decline in central stock = increase in distributed ILL
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Commercial/cooperative models Commercial model Income generation Must break even Cooperative model Ideological Service ethos Difficult to sustain long-term
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Types of European ILL activity Intra-European interlending Subito, Nordkvik, TEL (?) Extra-European interlending OCLC ILL Intra- and extra- European interlending BLDSC
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Verbs Discover Locate Request Deliver
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Finding Bibliographic Reliable citations/bibliographic data Where?/What sources? Union catalogue? OPAC(s)? Holdings Discovery of location(s) Relation to bibliographic resource
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Users Things you may do to prevent them: No loans for things held locally System Manual Restrictions on service User status/type Restrictions on max cost
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Lenders How to send request? In what format? e-mail, phone, fax, proprietary system, web-form Who to? And how do you find their contact details? Will they supply? Will they charge? If so, how much? Fill rate Requesting from an unknown/untested source may result in low fill rates for borrowing = dissatisfied users
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Payment Free of charge or payment required? Can you comply with payment method? IFLA vouchers Library credit cards € Banker/broker function by intermediary service. e.g. OCLC IFM, Subito.
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Legal EU copyright directive Implementation across Europe not consistent What is legal in one country may not be legal in another e.g. use of Ariel & other scanning software E-signatures
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Success Reciprocate? Success as a borrower = more work as a lender All the questions you asked as a borrower you need to ask yourself as a lender… Do we supply, do we charge, how, to whom, etc. BUT being a supplier means income generation to finance more borrowing … OR establishing favourable reciprocal agreements
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Automating the verbs Discover, Locate, Request, Deliver Z39.50, OpenURL, ISO ILL, NCIP Will automate what you already do Will ease what the user has to do Machine-to-machine interaction Standardised messaging/exchange of data
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Standards Require configuration Do standards help with what it is difficult to do? Find new lenders outside of the known Getting management information Disparate solutions = dispersion of data across systems/platforms
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Technology Relationship between technology, services & environment Developing technology to meet service requirements or modifying service to meet technology? ‘Road-building’ Historically conditioned Availability of funding
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Summary There is no European interlending environment Micro level - Policy may arise out of practical success or failure Hybrid solutions that do not easily translate from place to place Macro level – historically & environmentally conditioned approaches National resources accessed/exploited by international users
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hunts@oclc.org
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