1. AP Biology Transition to Land Biomes

2. Hadley Cell Model

3. Meristematic Tissues

4. Darwin’s experiment on Phototropism

5. Phytochrome activation

6. Signal Transduction Response

7. Long night plants

8. Short night plants

9. Transpiration

10. Guard Cell operation

11. Amino Acid structure (Remove the amine on the left)

12. Nitrogenous Waste forms

13. Countercurrent Heat Exchange Blood flow Vein Artery Pacific bottlenose dolphin Canada goose Vein Artery 33° 27° 18° 9° 35°C 30° 20° 10°

14. Temperature control Thermostat in hypothalamus activates cooling mechanisms. Increased body temperature (such as when exercising or in hot surroundings) Body temperature decreases; thermostat shuts off cooling mechanisms. Sweat glands secrete sweat that evaporates, cooling the body. Blood vessels in skin dilate: capillaries fill with warm blood; heat radiates from skin surface. Body temperature increases; thermostat shuts off warming mechanisms. Decreased body temperature (such as when in cold surroundings) Blood vessels in skin constrict, diverting blood from skin to deeper tissues and reducing heat loss from skin surface. Skeletal muscles rapidly contract, causing shivering, which generates heat. Thermostat in hypothalamus activates warming mechanisms. Homeostasis: Internal body temperature of approximately 36–38°C

15. Gas Exchange in Many Forms… one-celledamphibiansechinoderms insectsfish mammals endotherm vs. ectotherm size cilia water vs. land