1. Independent Learning

2. Progress Checker

3. Learning Activities: 1.Read the lesson materials before attending the lessons. 2.Attended the lessons 3.Fully participated and engaged in lessons. 4.Used deep processing strategies. 5.Practised retrieval and application of info 6.Self-assessed level of understanding and made notes or read additional material to clarify understanding or extend learning. Each Week: 1.YES or NO if learning activity completed or not. 2.0 – 5 to show how much you feel you have learnt for that week. 3.Maintain your file as evidence of the learning activities, including notes, answers to set questions, independent learning tasks and any additional reading Take Charge of Your Learning YES 4 By using this sheet every week!

4. Plate Tectonics

5. Learning Outcomes: By the end of the lesson you should be able to... 1.Name and label the major relief features of the Earth on a world map and cross-sections through the Earth’s surface 2.Name the different types of plate boundary that exist on a map of the major relief features of the Earth and indicate the direction of plate movement.

6. Major Relief Features of the Earth Ocean Basins Mid-oceanic ridges Ocean trenches Rift valleys Volcanic island chains Mountain belts (volcanic island arcs) Continents Mountain belts (non-volcanic) Mountain belts (continental volcanic arcs) Plate Boundaries Constructive Destructive Conservative

7. Major Relief Features of the Earth

8. Cross-section 1 Cross-section 3 Cross-section 2 AB A A B B

9. MOR Oceanic trench Continental volcanic arc Constructive plate boundary Destructive plate boundary Cross-section 1 AB

10. Oceanic trench Island arc volcano Destructive plate boundary Cross-section 2 A B

11. Cross-section 3 A B Destructive plate boundary Mountain belt (non-volcanic)

12. Learning Outcomes: By the end of the lesson you should be able to... 1.Define the characteristics of the upper layers of Earth involved in plate tectonics. 2.Explain the importance of the asthenosphere in plate tectonic theory. 3.Outline the theory of plate tectonics.

13. Plate Tectonic Theory

14. Constructive plate margins Destructive plate margins Conservative plate margins Plate Tectonic Theory

16. Learning Outcomes: By the end of the lesson you should be able to... 1.Describe the relationship between seismicity, volcanicity and plate boundaries. 2.Explain the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes.

19. Learning Outcomes: By the end of the next two lessons you should be able to... 1.Describe the location of the Earth’s major tectonic features. 2.Explain the formation of the Earth’s major tectonic features. Ocean Basins Mid-oceanic ridges Ocean trenches Rift valleys Volcanic island chains Mountain belts (volcanic island arcs) Earthquakes Continents Mountain belts (non-volcanic) Mountain belts (continental volcanic arcs) Earthquakes

20. Learning Outcomes: By the end of the next two lessons you should be able to... 1.Describe the location of the Earth’s major tectonic features. 2.Explain the formation of the Earth’s major tectonic features. 12345 Meg Matty Cameron George Shannon Jack Josh Daniel Ellis Jordon James Danny Liam Jake Caleb Melissa Damian Eddie 1.Constructive Plate Margin 2.Destructive Plate Margin (continental-oceanic) 3.Destructive Plate Margin (oceanic-oceanic) 4.Conservative Plate Margin 5.Intraplate (hot spots) Groups:

21. Plate Tectonic Theory Shallow focus earthquakes 0 – 70km Intermediate focus earthquakes 70 – 300km Deep focus earthquakes 300 – 700km Benioff Zone Inclined zone where earthquakes occur Constructive Plate Margin Destructive Plate Margin Shallow focus earthquakes 0 – 70km

22. Constructive Plate Margins Transform fault Mid-Oceanic ridge Rift valley Basaltic, shield volcano Strong, solid, brittle layer Weak, mobile, semi-molten layer (<1% molten) Low angled (< 10°) Non-explosive (effusive) Volcanic tremor (rising magma) 1 2 3 Tectonic tremor (transform fault) Tectonic tremor (normal faults)

23. Evidence for Plate Tectonics Mid-Atlantic Ridge

24. Constructive Plate Margins Peridotite Basaltic Partial melting Peridotite (Ultra-basic) Basic magma Intermediate magma Acidic magma - Basaltic - Andesitic - Rhyolitic Basalt Dolerite Gabbro

25. Constructive Plate Margins

26. Destructive Plate Margins Mt Pinatubo, Philippines Andesitic, cone-shaped volcano, explosive Benioff Zone Oceanic Trench Partial melting of basaltic oceanic crust Volcanic Island Arc Subduction of denser oceanic crust Deep focus earthquakes Shallow focus earthquakes

28. Destructive Plate Margins

29. Conservative Plate Margins 6 cm/year 2 cm/year San Andreas Fault

30. Hot Spots

31. Plate Tectonic Theory 1. Evidence for Earth’s internal heat energy: volcanoes hot springs deep mines 2. Causes for Earth’s internal heat energy: radioactive decay in the mantle & crust iron crystallisation in core residual heat from Earth formation 3. How is heat transferred from Earth interior?: conduction convection 4. What is the theory of plate tectonics?: The upper part of the mantle and overlying crust form the rigid lithosphere. The lithosphere is split up into 7 large and many smaller sections known as lithospheric plates. These plates are underlain by a semi- mobile zone in the upper mantle known as the asthenosphere. Convection currents in the mantle cause the plates to move over the asthenosphere, either moving apart, together or against each other.

32. Earth’s Major Features and Plate Tectonics Destructive Plate MarginConstructive Plate Margin MOR Basaltic Magma Decompression Melting Oceanic Crust Lithosphere Asthenosphere Subducting Slab Hydration Melting Asthenosphere Lithosphere Andesitic Magma Continental Crust Continental Volcano Oceanic Trench Benioff Zone

33. Learning Outcomes: By the end of the lesson you should be able to... 1.Outline how palaeomagnetism can be used to plot plate movements over time. 2.Plan a response to an exam essay question.

34. 12345 Abigail Dan W Nathan Hannah Ayaz Kieran Luke Amanda Dan H Vicki Jack Bob Grace Sam David A.Magnetic Inclination B. Apparent Polar Wandering Curves C. Magnetic Anomalies in the Oceanic Crust Learning Outcomes: By the end of the lesson you should be able to... 1.Outline how palaeomagnetism can be used to plot plate movements over time. 2.Plan a response to an exam essay question.

35. Learning Outcomes: By the end of the lesson you should be able to... 1.Outline how palaeomagnetism can be used to plot plate movements over time. 2.Plan a response to an exam essay question. Outline how palaeomagnetism can be used to plot plate movements over time. (25 marks)

36. Monday 1 st October

37. Put these 8 images in order to explain palaeomagnetism.

38. Iron minerals in basalt e.g. magnetite Rotate & align with magnetic field Remain in this position after magma cools – remnant magnetism Magnetic reversals New magnetite minerals magma iron aligns in different direction Palaeomagnetism Liquid basalt Basalt cools below Curie point (< 570° C for magnetite) Earth’s magnetic field Magnetic anomalies at constructive plate margins Apparent polar wandering curves Magnetic inclination gives latitude of erupted basalt

40. Evidence for Plate Tectonics

41. Magnetic Anomalies at MOR

42. Calculate the rate the oceanic crust is moving away from the MOR. Your answer should be in mm/year. 60km

43. Earth’s magnetic field Orientation of magnetic iron minerals in lavas formed at different latitudes Earth’s Magnetic Field LatitudeMagnetic Angle 0°0°0°0° 30°50° 60°70° 90°

44. Magnetic Anomalies

45. Earth’s Magnetic Field & Plate Tectonics

49. Sediment Basaltic pillow lavas & dolerite dykes Gabbro

50. Eruption Type Composition (Acid/Basic) Viscosity (High/Low) TemperatureMain Products Plate Location Effusive Explosive

52. Heat flow (mW /m²) 506070120180704020405060752951007060 Km 01018202330404550607085909395100 Mid-oceanic ridges Oceanic trench Oceanic lithosphere Continental lithosphere Subducting plate Benioff zone Oceanic crust Continental crust Asthenosphere Moho Partial melting (twice) Basaltic magma Andesitic magma Gabbro Dolerite dykes Basaltic pillow lavas Sediment Shield volcano Cone-shaped volcano Slab pull/ridge push

54. Evidence for Plate Tectonics

57. Depth (km)Geotherm (°C)Melting point of Peridotite (°C) 0151200 5012501350 20014501600 50019002100 100025003000 200032503600 300040003850 400042504050 500042504200 600042504500 Temperature Variation within Earth’s Interior

58. Depth (km) Temperature (°C) Inner Core (solid) Outer Core (liquid) Asthenosphere (semi-solid) Mesosphere (solid)

59. Temperature Variation within Earth’s Interior Geotherm Melting curve Depth (km) Temperature (°C) Inner Core (solid) Outer Core (liquid) Lithosphere (solid) Asthenosphere (semi-solid) Mesosphere (solid) Where does this heat come from? Radiogenic heat Primordial heat

60. What? Why? Where? Who? When? How? Which? Plate Tectonic Theory