1. SPACE: ELEMENT OF DESIGN Space is: Defined by shapes and forms.
Actual space is a 3-D volume that can be empty or filled with objects. (a room or interior of a car)
Space in a painting/drawing is an illusion that creates a feeling of depth.
Positive space is where forms and shapes exist.
Negative space is the empty space around these areas.

2. Positive and negative space

3. How can you show space?
SIZE OF OBJECTS -smaller objects seem farther away (distortions can occur if objects are the same size or too close to the viewer). OVERLAPPING -by partially covering one object with another it gives an appearance of depth
(distortions also occur if viewer is too close). SPACING -objects clustered closer together seem farther away. Horizontal lines which get closer as they near the horizon line appear to be defining a recession in space. FOCUS -objects lose detail as they recede into space. BRIGHTNESS -objects are brighter when closer to the viewer, except for reflective surfaces. SHADE AND SHADOW -darker shadows seem closer especially if overlapping other shadows.

4. What do these guys have in common with Renaissance artists?

5. Renaissance art and linear perspective
Renaissance art and linear perspective. How do you translate the 3-D world onto the 2-D surface? Converging lines meet at vanishing points and all shapes get smaller in all directions with increase distance from the eye.

6. Raphael

8. Michelangelo’s famous interior painting

9. Donatello and sculpture

10. Renaissance painting demonstrating Linear Perspective.

11. Artists use one-point perspective to show forms face-on
Artists use one-point perspective to show forms face-on. Vertical and horizontal lines make up the front face, and receding diagonals help to show the faces that are going back into space. Lines are drawn to a single vanishing point in one-point perspective.
Two-point perspective is useful to show an angle rather than a face-on view.
Lines are drawn to two vanishing points in two-point perspective. Most lines are either vertical or angular receding lines. There are rarely horizontal lines in two-point perspective!

12. You will be creating a 2-point perspective of a cityscape:
At least 6 buildings using different heights and spacing
1-3 per buildings windows
1-2 doors per building
12 other features: roads, signs, sidewalk, people, things in the windows, cars, etc.
Make sure all of your lines are straight, most will be vertical or going to the vanishing point
Make sure to use the correct vanishing point
Value must also be shown in the work

13. Where are the vanishing points?
Which of these images is demonstrating 1-point perspective and which is 2-point perspective?
Where are the vanishing points?