1. Friendly Warning : Test # 2 next Week (Wednesday or Thursday) 18-19 July 2012 Covers “1950s”: Chapters 2 & 3

2. 3 February 1959 5 miles NW of Mason City, IA Airport

3. “The Day the Music Died” Buddy Holly Ritchie Valens (“Donna” / “La Bamba”) J.P. Richardson, aka “The Big Bopper” (“Chantilly Lace”)

4. End of the “Rock ‘n Roll” era Into the US Army (1958-1960) Legal Troubles and Prison (1959-63) Gets Religion (1957-63) “Reverend Penniman” (1958): his 2 nd Marriage to his 1 st cousin (once removed)

5. Payola DJs as entry points to market 200+ records a week! Money, gifts, etc. (legal) ASCAP (tin pan alley) vs. BMI (pop, etc.) US Congress investigates New FCC rules Alan Freed & others fired Dick Clark (American Bandstand) escapes Alan Freed Dick Clark

6. Chapter 3 Overview 1959 – 1963 : “End” of Rock ‘n Roll until the “British Invasion” (Beatles, etc.) Return to old-fashioned marketing (Tin Pan Alley) - market segmentation into teenyboppers and older “Brill Building” - Aldon Music - Sedaka, King, Weil & Mann, Barry & Greenwich, etc. - Manufactured “talent” (Avalon, Fabian, etc.) - Rise of the Producer (Phil Spector, etc.) “Soul” Music – R & B goes mainstream Rockabilly goes Pop Surf Music from California Folk Music influences – politics & social issues

7. Teen Idols “Manufactured” talent controlled by Labels Clean-cut image Bubblegum market : younger kids (rock ‘n roller growing up) Fabian - YouTube - Fabian sings All of me - fabian turn me loose – YouTubeYouTube - Fabian sings All of mefabian turn me loose – YouTube Frankie Avalon - “Venus” : Frankie Avalon - Venus – YouTube - “De De Dinah” : American Bandstand De De Dinah Frankie Avalon - YouTubeFrankie Avalon - Venus – YouTubeAmerican Bandstand De De Dinah Frankie Avalon - YouTube “Fabian” (Forte) Frankie Avalon

8. The Twist Hank Ballard and the Midnighters (1957) - Ex. Hank Ballard And The Midnighters - The Twist (Original version, 1959) - YouTubeHank Ballard And The Midnighters - The Twist (Original version, 1959) - YouTube 1960: Dick Clark - produces cover w/ Chubby Checker - promoted on American Bandstand - Ex. Chubby Checker - The Twist (1960) – YouTube or Chubby Checker - The Twist – YouTube (on AB)Chubby Checker - The Twist (1960) – YouTubeChubby Checker - The Twist – YouTube The Peppermint Lounge (NYC) - Joey Dee – “The Peppermint Twist” - Ex. Peppermint Twist - Joey Dee & The Starliters – YouTube Peppermint Twist - Joey Dee & The Starliters – YouTube Spin-offs (a few): - Chubby Checker – “Let’s Twist Again” - The Beatles – “Twist and Shout” - Sam Cooke – “Twisting the Night Away ”

9. Brill Building North end of Times Square Aldon Music locates here “Vertical integration” of - songwriting - demos - publishing - recording & distribution Producers in charge Songwriting to order Girl Groups 1619 Broadway

10. Brill Building Sound (early ‘60s) King & Goffin : YouTube - THE SHIRELLES-WILL U STILL LOVE ME TOMORROW (1960) YouTube - THE SHIRELLES-WILL U STILL LOVE ME TOMORROW King & Goffin : YouTube - Little Eva The Locomotion (1962) YouTube - Little Eva The Locomotion Sedaka & Howie Greenfield : Stupid Cupid Connie Francis - YouTube Stupid Cupid Connie Francis - YouTube Ellie Greenwich & Jeff Barry : The Ronettes - YouTube The Ronettes - YouTube Ronald Mack (manager, not a songwriter) : THE CHIFFONS (HIGH QUALITY) - HE'S SO FINE *Different version* - YouTube (1963, pop #1) (rejected by Capitol records as “too trite…too simple”)THE CHIFFONS (HIGH QUALITY) - HE'S SO FINE *Different version* - YouTube Carole King (b. 1942) & Gerry Goffin (b. 1939) Neil Sedaka (b. 1939) Howie Greenfield (1936-86)