1. 1901-1921

2. Popular Progressivism  Popular progressives had some success  Needed the federal government to regulate society

3. Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 Assumed the presidency following McKinley’s assassination in Sept., 1901 Youngest president in history (42)

4. The Square Deal  Settled the 1902 anthracite coal miners strike  Busted more than 40 “bad” trusts  Strengthened the ICC with the Elkins and Hepburn Acts

5. Consumer Protection  A new responsibility of the federal government  The Pure Food and Drug Act  The Meat Inspection Act  Inspired by Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

6. Preservation & Conservation  Preserved nature and wildlife by established national parks and sanctuaries  Conserved resources by placing the government in control of timber, mineral, and water resources

7. W. H. Taft 1909-1913 Increased trustbusting Continued conservation 16 th Amendment = graduated income tax "Big Bill" was the heaviest president at 332 pounds and 6'2". Needing a big bathtub, he had a 7' long 41" wide tub installed that could accommodate 4 normal-sized men

8. Split in the Republican Party - Some progressives believed Taft had abandoned the cause - Payne Aldrich – Taft had promised a lower tariff but did not follow through - Controversy – Pinchot criticized Richard Ballinger for opening up lands in Alaska for private development so he was fired

9. Roosevelt Creates the Progressive Party  The “Bull Moose” Party platform supported many old Populist ideas

10. The Election of 1912  Debs (Soc.) 6%  Taft (Rep.) 23%  Roosevelt (Prog./Bull Moose) 27%  Wilson (Dem.) 41%

11. Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) Democrat From Virginia Called for a “New Freedom” from trusts, tariffs, & banks

12. Example: Clayton Anti-Trust Act  Attacked trusts (before WWI)  Strengthened the provisions of Sherman  Included a clause exempting unions from being prosecuted

13. Example: The Underwood Tariff  Announced in the first ever in-person State of the Union address  In 1913 Congress substantially lowered tariffs for the first time in over 50 years  Offset by increased income taxes

14. Example: The Federal Reserve Act, 1914  Reformed banking  Created12 district banks supervised by a Federal Reserve Board  Federal Reserve Notes used as paper money

15. Failed Attempt to Regulate Child Labor The Child Labor Act prohibited interstate commerce by laborers under 14 The Supreme Court struck it down in Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918)

16. WWI Looms… Wilson won a close re-election in 1916 The progressive movement lost momentum as the nation’s attention turned to the war in Europe