2. I) Early History A)Phoenicians are the first early sea travelers

3. I) Early History B)Aristotle: 1) Considered the 1 st marine biologist 2) Described many forms of sea life 384-322 BC

5. I) Early History B) Middle Ages 1) Most knowledge from ancients lost 2) Vikings: Leif Eriksson discovers Vinland 3) Arabs: voyaged to E. Africa, SE Asia, & India a) Figured out wind pattern currents (including monsoons) 995 AD

8. I) Early History 1451 – 1506 AD C) Renaissance 1)Columbus: a)Rediscovers America in 1492

10. I) Early History 1480 – 1521 AD C) Renaissance 2)Magellen: a)First person to sail around the world

11. I) Early History 1728 - 1779AD C) Renaissance 3)James Cook: a)Explored all the oceans and began making scientific observations

12. I) Early History D) Edward Forbes 1)Dredged ocean floor & discovered new sea creatures; father of modern oceanography 1815 – 1854 AD

13. I) Early History E) Charles Darwin 1) Studied plankton & described the formation of coral reef atolls 1809 – 1882 AD

14. II) Challenger Expedition A) Three and one half years at sea voyage; first voyage specifically designed to study the oceans B) Published over 50 volumes; took 19 years to publish

15. III) Other Historical Events A)1887-1925 - Albatross Expeditions (USA) 1)Scientific expeditions to Indian & Pacific Oceans.

16. III) Other Historical Events B)1888 - Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) at Woods Hole established (Massachusetts)

17. III) Other Historical Events C) 1924 - The Scripp's Institution of Oceanography established (La Jolla, CA)

18. IV) Modern History A) World War II: development of sonar for sub hunting 1)Based on the detection of underwater echoes 2)Allowed accurate mapping of oceanic floors

19. IV) Modern History B)SCUBA: self contained underwater breathing apparatus 1)Developed right after WWII by Emile Gagnan & Jacques Cousteau 2)First time one could study directly in the marine environment

20. V) Marine Biology Today A) Modern Scientific Ships B)Submarines C)Satellites D) Remote Sensing