1. The Nature and Handling of Organic Slurries Douglas W. Hamilton, Ph.D., P.E. Waste Management Specialist Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service

2. The Nature and Handling of Organic Slurries  Solids Speciation  Suspensions  Consistency  Rheology  Solids Settling  Flow of Suspensions in Pipelines

4. Slurry: mixture of solids and liquids

5. What is a solid? Remains after heating at 103 o C for 24 hours Solid Liquid Sample NO Yes

6. What is a solid? Remains after heating at 103 o C for 24 hours Solid Liquid Sample Mass of Solids Mass of Sample TS = NO Yes

7. Suspended or Dissolved ? Passes through 1.5 Micron Diameter Hole? Dissolved Suspended Sample NO Yes

8. Hamilton D.W. 2011. Solids Content of Wastewater and Manure. OSU Factsheet BAE-1759. Stillwater, OK:Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service.

9. Suspended or Dissolved ? Passes through 1.5 Micron Diameter Hole? Dissolved Suspended Sample NO Yes TS TDS TSS

10. Hamilton D.W. 2008. Solids separation in manure handling systems. Factsheet 10-02-02h in Pork Industry Handbook. West Lafayette, IN:Purdue University Distribution of Suspended Solids

11. Organic or Inorganic ? Volatilizes when heated at 550 o C for 2 hours? Volatile Solid Organic Fixed Solid Inorganic or Ash Sample NO Yes

12. Organic or Inorganic ? Volatilizes when heated at 550 o C for 2 hours? Volatile Solid Organic Fixed Solid Inorganic or Ash Sample NO Yes TS TVS TFS

13. Solids Species TS TSS TDS FSS VSS VDS FDS TVS

14. Solids Species TS TSS TDS FSS VSS VDS FDS TVS Crystal Particles Organic Particles Soluble Organics Dissolved Salts

15. Consistency D.W. Hamilton, 2011. Consistency of Manure/Water Mixtures, OSU Factsheet BAE-1751.Stillwater,OK: Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service.

16. USDA-NRCS. 1992. Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook. Washington, D.C.: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.

17. www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com Rheological Definition of Consistency

18. Settling  Type I Discrete Particle Settling  Type II Flocculated Particle Settling  Zone or Hindered Settling  Compaction

19. Factors influencing Settling Particle Characteristics Fluid Characteristics Collective Characteristics

20. Settling  Type I Discrete Particle Settling  Type II Flocculated Particle Settling  Zone or Hindered Settling  Compaction

21. Discrete Particle Settling

22. Forces Acting on the Particle F g =  d 3 (  p -  f )g 6 F d = C d V 2  d 2 ρ f 2 4

23. Stokes Law ρ p – ρ f CdCd = () 4343 ρfρf dg V 2 ( )

24. Stokes Law ρ p – ρ f CdCd = () 4343 ρfρf dg V 2 ( ) C d = f (ρ p,ρ f,N Fr )

25. Stokes Law Cd = f (ρ p,ρ f,N Fr,N re )

26. Stokes Law Cd = f (ρ p,ρ f,N Fr,N re,ψ)

27. Factors influencing Settling Particle Characteristics Density Size Shape Fluid Characteristics Density Viscosity Collective Characteristics

29. Settling  Type I Discrete Particle Settling  Type II Flocculated Particle Settling  Zone or Hindered Settling  Compaction

30. Type II Settling

31. Factors influencing Settling Particle Characteristics Density Size Shape Charge Fluid Characteristics Density Viscosity Polarity Ionic Strength Collective Characteristics

32. Settling  Type I Discrete Particle Settling  Type II Flocculated Particle Settling  Zone or Hindered Settling  Compaction

33. Zone Settling

34. dx dt = VcVc

35. Factors influencing Settling Particle Characteristics Density Size Shape Charge Fluid Characteristics Density Viscosity Polarity Ionic Strength Collective Characteristics Concentration Size Distribution

37. Settling  Type I Discrete Particle Settling  Type II Flocculated Particle Settling  Zone or Hindered Settling  Compaction

38. dx dt = V Compaction

39. Suspension of Slurries in Pipelines

41. V M1 = 134C d 0.816 D 0.633 V o 1.63 V M2 = 54.4C d 0.815 D 0.633 V o 1.63

42. Experimentally Derived Solution