2. Ottoman Empire Anatolia Modern-day Turkey inhabited by militaristic nomadic tribes (Turks) around 1300 AD Military societies led by emirs Followed strict Islamic codes Attacked infidels Why unite under a centralized government? Benefits? Disadvantages?

3. Ottoman Empire Ottomans Osmen Bey (Founder) Sultan (one with power) Characteristics Use of gunpowder Kindly treated people they conquered 1453: Mehmed II takes Constantinople Europe’s largest, most powerful city Ottoman Empire begins to expand rapidly, gain power

5. Ottoman Empire Was Suleiman an effective ruler? Was Suleiman an effective ruler? Positives and negatives? Positives and negatives? How can expanding be counter-productive? How can expanding be counter-productive?

6. Cultural Blending Causes of cultural blending Migration Pursuit of religious freedom or conversion Trade Conquest Results of cultural blending Language Religion/ethical systems Styles of government Racial/ethnic blending Arts and architecture

7. Ottoman Empire Cultural blending How was cultural blending spread throughout the Ottoman Empire? Devshirme Janissaries Major trading routes Expansion/Converts

8. The Safavid Empire, 1501-1736

9. Safavid Empire Religious conflict Islam Sunni—knowledgeable religious leader Shi’a—related to Ali Shah Ismail Destroyed Sunni population of Baghdad Selim the Grim Order execution of Shi’a in Ottoman borders

10. Safavid Empire Shah Abbas Reforms Two armies Persian Christian Government Punished corruption Promoted competence and loyalty Encouraged Europeans into empire

11. Safavid Empire Why did the Safavid Empire decline? Why did the Safavid Empire decline? Rival empires (Mughal, Uzbeks, Afghans) Rival empires (Mughal, Uzbeks, Afghans) Trade not going through area anymore Trade not going through area anymore Accomplishments? Accomplishments? Spread of Shi’a Islam Spread of Shi’a Islam Power to modern-day Iran Power to modern-day Iran

12. The Mughal Empire, 1523-1707 (1858)

13. Mughal Empire 1523-1707 (or later, remnants) Founder: Zahir al-Din Muhammad Babur Akbar (1561-1605) What made Akbar the greatest ruler of the Mughal Empire? Provinces – centralized control Expanded – S. India Religious tolerance

14. Decline of Mughal Empire Aurangzeb (1659-1707) All of India, Afghanistan Lack of religious tolerance Hindu’s rebelled Afghan, Maratha