1. Chapter: 1 Stoichiometric Relationships Title: Particulate Nature of Matter and Chemical Change Learning Objectives: Understand how energy changed is involved when there is a change of state. Understand that atoms of different elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds, which have different properties from their component elements. Understand why mixtures are either homogeneous or heterogeneous.

2. Q. What happens to the particles in water for it to become: Ice? Steam? SolidsLiquidsGases Distance between particles Arrangement Shape Volume Movement Speed of Movement Energy Forces of attraction TASK: Fill in the table – Properties of the three states of matter. Use the mixed up words below StrongestClose TogetherVibrate RandomFixedNot fixed – Fills container Move around each other WeakerFixed RegularFixedNot Fixed – Takes container shape RandomNot FixedWeakest SlowestMove in all directions Faster LowestHighestFar Apart Close (ish)FastestHigher States of Matter

3. Sublimation is the direct inter conversion of solid to gas without going through the liquid state. Examples of this are: Iodine, Carbon dioxide and Ammonium chloride (all at atmospheric pressure) Deposition is the direct conversion of gas to solid without going through the liquid state. Examples of this are: Snow and Frost NOTE! Evaporation and boiling are not the same thing! Evaporation occurs only at the surface and takes place at temperatures below the boiling point. Q. Where do you think boiling takes place? Why does boiling a liquid produce bubbles?

4. Boiling happens when particles leave throughout the body of the liquid – which is why bubbles occur. Boiling occurs at a specific temperature, determined by when the vapour pressure reaches the external pressure.

5. Q. Why does a butane gas camping stove store the butane as a liquid? (Relate back to the what the graph showed you)

6. TASK: How can this temperature versus energy input graph be interpreted in terms of particle theory? Put the statements in the correct order by reading them carefully. State names have been blanked out so it’s not so easy! Letter Phase What is going on at this phase? a-b b-c c-d d-e e-f

7. Letter PhaseWhat is happening at each phase