1. The Nature of Chemistry
Packet #1

2. Chemistry
The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter.
Chemistry also studies the changes that matter undergoes.

3. Fields of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Organic Chemistry
The study of chemicals, in general, that do not contain carbon
Organic Chemistry
Study of chemicals containing carbon
Analytical Chemistry
Composition of matter
Physical Chemistry
Investigates the mechanism, rate and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes change
Biochemistry
Study of processes that occur within organisms

4. Chemical Substance that is the same no matter where it is found.
More details to come later.
Instruments used in chemistry, such as x-rays or electron microscopes, are used to identify chemicals.

5. Chemicals II Where are chemicals found? Everywhere Toothpaste Hair gel
Soap
Shaving cream
Shoes
Clothing
Hand sanitizer

6. Chemicals III
How do you depend on chemicals on a daily basis?

7. Chemical Reactions Chemicals undergo change.
These changes occur via chemical reactions.
Cooking food
Striking a match
Car engines
Running
Opening a soda bottle

8. Matter/Mass

9. Matter/Mass
Matter can be defined as anything that occupies space and contains mass.
Chemical particles help make up matter and mass.
The arrangement of these particles determine certain properties of the matter.
These are called physical properties.

10. Matter & Physical Properties

11. States of Matter Matter can be found in different states. Solids
Liquids
Gases

12. Solids Has a fixed volume and shape
Particles are held in a rigid state.
There is little vibration

13. Liquids Has a fixed volume but no shape
Liquids assume the shape of whatever medium they are in.
Particles are not held together very well.
The bonds, that hold the particles together, break apart easily
Vibration of the particles is increased.

14. Gases Have no fixed volume and no fixed shape.
Particles are weakly attracted to each other.
Particles move and vibrate at high speeds.

15. Physical Changes of Matter

16. Physical Changes of Matter
Physical changes are changes in which the identity of a substance does not change.
Physical changes are about energy and states of matter.
Example
When one steps on a can, and crushes it, a physical change occurs.
The shape of the object has changed
Melting ice cube
Energy has been added {heat}
The molecules start to move faster and faster
In water, as it changes from state to state, the molecules are no longer in the same positions. Changing from being fixed {ice} to moving randomly {water vapor}. This is the physical change.

17. Physical Changes in Matter
Milk Before
Milk After

18. Causes of Physical Changes
One can use different types of force to cause a physical change
Motion
Temperature
Pressure

19. Small Physical Changes
Melting a sugar cube
The substance is still sugar
Burning a sugar cube results in a chemical change

20. Chemical Properties

21. Chemical Change
In a chemical change, the identity of the substance changes and a new substance is formed
They happen on a much smaller scale.
Molecular level

22. Chemical Change II Some are changes are obvious.
There is a color change.
When Iron (Fe) rusts
You can see it happen over a long period of time.
Burning of a sugar cube
The fire breaks bonds
The sugar cube becomes blackened.

23. Chemical Change III Wood Burning in Fireplace Chemical change
When the wood burns, heat is given off, gases leave and a residue of ashes remain.
The wood was changed into several new substances.

24. How are Chemical Changes Represented?
Chemical changes are represented via a chemical reaction.
Sometimes, a series of chemical reactions must occur.
Chemical reactions are represented by a chemical equation
Reactants  Products
Mercury (II) oxide  Mercury + Oxygen

25. Chemical Reactions There are two parts to a chemical reaction
What the scientist puts in
Products
What the scientist gets out of the process

26. Evidence of Chemical Changes
The formation of gas
Formation of precipitate
When two clear solutions, when mixed together, become cloudy
The release or absorption of energy
Change in temperature
Change in color
New odor produced

27. Review
Students make their own concept maps in regards to material provided.