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Writing to Communicate Chapter 7
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What does writing do for students? Benefits of writing –strengthen student’s self image –creates learning enables students to permanently apply what they have learned about language –enhances life’s experiences –help think on a higher level
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Principles of writing instruction Must be satisfying write with students to model strategies –writer’s block –writer’s good and bad days –demonstrate expert strategies –if write for long enough and think hard can express important ideas
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writings must be shared and appreciated –framed writings –make books for library or gifts –student publications –solve problems need support and instruction
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Writing through the grades Preschool-writings are unintelligible Grade 1- talk as they write Grade 2-begin to understand audience Grade 3-can learn strategies to help their writing Grade 4-6-can learn revising strategies that move beyond word level
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The Writing Process This process must remain flexible! The amount of time spent in each stage varies The number of times that students revisits each stage varies
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Prewriting 1st stage of the authoring cycle Need to envision an audience Decide if persuading, entertaining, informing, or reflect Conversing is critical Help with need for an idea or having writer’s block
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Drafting involves writing a first draft need to make pictures in their mind overcome writer’s block –do unfocused and focused freewriting –Ask students questions as they write –prompt with a starter sentence –Be the secretary for students so they can concentrate on organization –Use concept spin –Start to write –Think of audience
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Minilessons in drafting Collect lots of information Use a factline ten-minute write conduct a poll free to select a space to write
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Revising Reworking their drafts to craft their art –Questions to ask change a word so idea becomes clearer does paragraph contain vivid details and a main idea can ideas be more concise and powerful by rewriting or shortening a sentence make stronger connections between ideas, sentences, and paragraphs write an example so readers understand exactly what I mean
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Minilessons on drafting 2 levels of revision –total text revision –microrevision reaction guide for peer editorial board
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Editing Eliminate errors in spelling, punctuation, paragraph indention, capitalization, and other writing conventions. –peer editing –class experts –minimal-mark editing –sentence or paragraph of the week –computer editors
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Sharing-Publishing Writing is meant to be shared Need an audience Submit to publications Voluntary sharing Author’s chair
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Activities that build writing abilities Writing workshop –conference station. research station, illustration station, and creative sharing station –learning centers Progressive writing centers –Send through 5 steps prewriting writing revising editing creating the final copy
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Writing Modern Fantasy Modern fantasy is very powerful Must create worlds in which unusual circumstances are believable, or they may combine reality and fantasy as characters go back and forth between two worlds. Myths, legends, and fables are special types of fantasy.
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Recognizing and Reporting Progress Rubrics are being used to measure students writing process It is a standard and criteria for ranking writing samples
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Technology When computers are used in paired writings, students collaborate more and the amount and quality of student’s revisions increases. Computers can help with: –gathering ideas quickly –create multiple outlines –produce a first draft, save it and rework it
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–Revise and maintain their focus on the content –edit with aid of specialized software –gain more time for thinking and organizing
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Discovery Discussions One of best opportunities for student’s to tell their stories Provide opportunities to –scaffold intensively in student’s zone of proximal development –interact with child to monitor experiences, difficulties, offer guidance, and set practice –check the reading-writing journals and logs
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Buddy Journals Trade journals with another student in which they write an entry and then the other student responds.
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Bookmaking First book would be eight or sixteen pages Write an outline of the beginning, setting, conflict or problem, and end of story Illustrate their story Rewrite sections to grab attention Lay out the book Design front cover
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Complete the backs, flaps, and spines of the book Unveil the book, display the book, and share the book –After they have learned the process, they can do it on their own. –Parents can co-author with their children
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