1. PSYA4 Addictive Behaviour Pub Quiz 2 Models of Prevention and Types of Interventions

2. Round 1  What does TRA stand for? 1  Who first described the TRA? 1  Which factors is intention a function of?2  What is alcohol myopia? How might it affect a person’s ability to give up an addiction?2  How is the TRA culture biased?1

3. Round 2  What does TPB stand for?1  How is the TPB different to the TRA?1  What research evidence is there that the TPB is better than the TRA?1  Why are the TRA and TPB criticised for being too rational?1  What type of research did Armitage and Conner do and what did they find?2

4. Round 3  Name 2 Biological interventions.2  How does methadone work?1  How does naltrexone reduce the urge to gamble?1  Give one limitation of Hollander’s research using SSRIs.1  Give one problem with methadone treatment.1

5. Round 4  Name 2 psychological interventions.2  What did Sindelar find when he rewarded those on methadone treatment with money rewards?1  Give one limitation of giving rewards.1  How does CBT help addicts?1  What does intervention bias mean in terms of addiction?1

6. Round 5  Name 2 Public Health Interventions.2  What was the primary objective of the smoking ban in 2007?1  Name the 4 conditions in the NIDA study. Which condition proved most effective?5  What did West find in 2009 to suggests the smoking ban was less effective than expected? 1  What did Beckham et al find in 2008?1

7. Answers - Round 1  What does TRA stand for? 1  Theory of reasoned action  Who first described the TRA? 1  Ajzen and Fishbein, 1975  Which factors is intention a function of?2  Personal (behavioural attitude) and Social (subjective norms)  What is alcohol myopia? How might it affect a person’s ability to give up an addiction?2  Alcohol decreasing cognitive capacity  Might be under influence of alcohol or drugs so does not carry out intended behaviour i.e giving up  How is the TRA culture biased?1  Developed in USA an individualistic culture. Different results in Japan and China

8. Answers Round 2  What does TPB stand for?1  Theory of Planned Behaviour  How is the TPB different to the TRA?1  Also includes Perceived behavioural control – how well the individual thinks they will be able to perform the behaviour  What research evidence is there that the TPB is better than the TRA? 1  Armitage and Conner 2001 – 6% more intention  Why are the TRA and TPB criticised for being too rational?1  Don’t take emotions, compulsions or other irrational determinants of behaviour into account  What type of research did Armitage and Conner do and what did they find? 2  Meta analysis. Successful in predicting intyention to change rather than actual behavioural change,

9. Answers - Round 3  Name 2 Biological interventions.2  Methadone, naltrexone, SSRIs  How does methadone work?1  Mimics effects of heroine but less addictive  How does naltrexone reduce the urge to gamble?1  Reduces rewarding and reinforcing properties of gambling behaviour  Give one limitation of Hollander’s research using SSRIs. 1  Small sample size, short duration  Give one problem with methadone treatment.1  Can become addicted to it, black market, 300 deaths in UK in 2007

10. Answers - Round 4  Name 2 psychological interventions.2  Reinforcement, CBT  What did Sindelar find when he rewarded those on methadone treatment with money rewards?1  Drug use dropped dramatically  Give one limitation of giving rewards.1  Do not address problem that caused the addiction  How does CBT help addicts?1  Help people change the way they think about their addictive behaviours  What does intervention bias mean in terms of addiction?1  Only see addict when condition well advanced so think it is difficult to treat. Screening would alleviate this.

11. Answers - Round 5  Name 2 Public Health Interventions.2  NIDA, Quitline, Smokefree, Drink Aware, Gambling Aware, FRANK  What was the primary objective of the smoking ban in 2007? 1  Protect workers from second-hand smoke  Name the 4 conditions in the NIDA study. Which condition proved most effective?5  1. Group drug counselling (GDC)alone, 2. GDC and CBT, 3. GDC and supportive/expressive psychotherapy, 4. Individual drug counselling and GDC. Condition 4  What did West find in 2009 to suggest the smoking ban was less effective than expected?1  Rebound effect after the ban – more gave up before the ban.  What did Beckham et al find in 2008?1  More likely to quit with a combination of counselling and medication