1. Forty-five Years of the Clean Air Act Ron Gore ADEM August,2015

2. Comparison of Growth Areas and Emissions, 1980-2013

3. National Emissions from Major Sources (thousands of tons), 1970 - 2014

4. National Emissions from Highway Vehicles (thousands of tons) 19702014 CO163,23122,261 NOx12,6244,489 SO227322 PM2.5323167 VOC16,9102,159 TOTALS193,36129,098

5. National VMT 1970 – 2014 (millions of miles) 19701,120,328 19801,520,856 19902,147,501 20002,274,926 20143,038,144

6. AL Emissions from Major Sources, 1990 - 2013

7. AL NOx Emissions by Source Sector

8. AL VOC Emissions by Source Sector

9. Ambient Concentrations of Criteria Pollutants – National Avg.

14. Ozone NAAQS adem.alabama.gov 1975 to 1998100 units 1998 to 200885 units 2008 to present75 units October 201560 to 70 units ????

15. PM2.5 Standards 1972-199825 Units 1998- 201215 Units 2012 - present12 Units adem.alabama.gov

16. NO2 NAAQS adem.alabama.gov 1971 to 2010326 units (Equivalent 1-Hour average) 2010 - present100 units (HOURLY average)

17. SO2 NAAQS adem.alabama.gov 1971 to 2010 500 units (secondary 3-Hour std) 2010 to present 75 units (HOURLY std) FUTURE ??????

18. Lead NAAQS adem.alabama.gov 1978 to 20081.5 units Calendar Quarter Average 2008 to present0.15 units Rolling 3 Month Average

19. Counties Where Measured Ozone is Above Proposed Range of Standards (65 – 70 parts per billion) 358 counties would violate 70 ppb 200 additional counties would violate 65 ppb for a total of 558 Based on 2011 – 2013 monitoring data

20. Blue line – Averaged peak daylight hours(11AM-4PM) for the summer months(June-August).

21. Blue line – Averaged nighttime hours(8PM-7AM) for the ozone season.

22. State 2013 Electricty Consumed by the State (Gigawatt Hours) 2013 Electricity Generated by the State (Gigawatt Hours)Net Export₁ %Net Import₂ % Alabama86,000136,00037% Arkansas47,50056,00015% Florida219,000190,000 13% Georgia132,000108,500 18% Kentucky83,25090,0008% Louisiana86,50090,0004% Maryland62,00032,000 48% Mississippi48,50048,000 1% Missouri83,50083,250 0.3% North Carolina120,250111,000 8% Oklahoma59,00067,00012% South Carolina80,00087,0008% Tennessee94,00072,500 23% Texas372,000388,0004% Virginia110,00071,000 35% West Virginia31,50069,00054% ₁ -Expressed as percent of total in state electricity generation that is exported. Example-AL exports 37% of electricity generated in the state. ₂ -Expressed as percent of total in state electricity consumption that is imported. Example-FL imports 13% of the electricity consumed in the state. Source: Southern States Energy Board: Southern States Regional Energy Profiles 2014

25. Tropics 73-models CMIP-5 vs. Observations Region of Strongest Model Signal of Human-caused global warming Mid-troposphere, Linear Temp Trend