1. Ursula Hill February 2012 Notre Dame-AmeriCorps Mid-Year Conference

2. Incarceration in the U.S. Some Numbers 7.3 million people under correctional supervision 2.4 million people incarcerated 93% of inmates will be released 67.5% of inmates released in 1994 were rearrested within 3 years and almost 50% were re-incarcerated From: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Total Correctional Population, Recidivism, & Petersilia (2009)

3. Incarceration in the U.S. The Financial Cost The average annual cost of incarceration, nationally: $26,000 per person Average annual cost of probation or parole, nationally: $1,300-$2,800 From: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Budget and Expenditure

4. Trends in Incarceration Exponential Increase in Incarceration 500% over the past 30 years Race and Incarceration Racial and ethnic minorities make up over 60% of the prison population 1 in 8 black males in their twenties are in prison or jail on any given day 3/4 of all persons in prison for drug offenses are people of color Gender and Incarceration 1/3 of women in prison are incarcerated for drug offenses Female incarceration rate increasing at nearly double the male rate Severe histories of physical and sexual abuse, high rates of HIV infection, and substance abuse Leads to an increasing number of children directly impacted From: The Sentencing Project

5. Introductions Who are you? Why did you pick this workshop? What do you hope to get out of the workshop?

6. Objectives By the end of the workshop, participants will: Know the scope of and current trends in incarceration in the US Have a basic understanding of the sequence of events in the US criminal justice system Be able to identify some of the challenges in working with the criminal justice systems Be able to use strategies for working with incarcerated people, family members, and correctional personnel

7. “Map” of the Criminal Justice System http://clrep.org/pdf/Map%20of%20criminal%20justic e%20system.pdf http://clrep.org/pdf/Map%20of%20criminal%20justic e%20system.pdf (activity?) Directions: See if you can map out the process of the criminal justice process, from arrest to appeal. Word bank: Sentencing, Preliminary Hearing, Bail, Grand Jury, Indictment, Arraignment, Trial, Verdict, Jury Deliberation, Booking ARREST When a person suspected of a crime is taken into custody. ________________ A group of 23 persons who hear preliminary evidence to decide if there is sufficient reason to formally charge a person with a crime. ________________ The careful consideration and discussion toward forming an opinion or making a decision regarding a case. ________________ The formal process of making a police record of the arrest. ________________ A grand jury’s formal charge or accusation of a crime. ________________ A jury’s decision on a case. ________________ A pretrial proceeding at which the prosecutor must prove that a crime was committed and establish the probable guilt of the defendant. ________________ A court session at which a defendant is charged and enters a plea. ________________ The judgment formally pronouncing the punishment to be imposed on one convicted of crime. ________________ When an arrested person is released after putting up an amount of money. ________________ The court proceeding. APPEAL The process through which one takes his or her case to a higher court for a re-hearing. Sentencing Grand Jury BookingIndictment Bail Preliminary Hearing Verdict Arraignment Jury Deliberation Trial

8. Sequence of Events in Criminal and Juvenile Justice Systems From: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/justsys.cfm

9. Moving Parts Individual System Family/Support System Criminal Justice System 18 yr. old African American female From Baltimore City Mental health diagnosis: depression, PTSD, borderline mental functioning, history of sexual abuse (victim) Cigarettes, marijuana, some alcohol, possible other drugs 2 children, ages 2 & 4 Father of children incarcerated 2 younger siblings (1 in juvie) Mom gave birth at 15 yr. old Grandma’s death = significant Juvenile history Runaway from placements Probation 2 current 2 nd degree assault charges in different counties Society

10. Individual System Challenges Age Location – external to individual, but important Role of trauma, mental illness, drug use Gaining trust Strategies Listen Advocate Inform Accompany

11. Family or Support System Challenges Children Level of family functioning Strategies Listen Communicate Bridge Facilitate contact

12. Criminal Justice System Challenges Complexity Individual history in system Limited options, inc. sentencing guidelines Strategies Build relationships – the system is made up of people Capitalize on systemic desire for collaboration Be patient Pay attention to policy

13. What next? Where my client is now Intergenerational issues Echoes of Incarceration http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ByBnFe97gjM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia0EokKgV6A&feature=related

14. Review Scope of incarceration Outline of criminal justice system Challenges in and strategies for working with the individual, family/support, and criminal justice system Listen Advocate Inform Accompany Communicate Bridge Facilitate contact Build relationships Capitalize for collaboration Be patient Pay attention to policy

15. Questions

16. Resources Families and Corrections Network (FCN) The Urban Institute The Sentencing Project Department of Justice State and local legislature/news Colleagues and clients

17. References Bureau of Justice Statistics. (n.d.). Employment and Expenditure. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved from: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/ Bureau of Justice Statistics. (n.d.). Recidivism. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved from: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/ Bureau of Justice Statistics. (n.d.). Total Correctional Population. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved from: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/ Bureau of Justice Statistics. (n.d.). Sequence of events in criminal and juvenile justice system. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved from: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/justsys.cfm http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/justsys.cfm Echoes of Incarceration http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ByBnFe97gjM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia0EokKgV6A&feature=related Petersilia J. (2009). When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Re-Entry. Oxford: Oxford University Press.