1. Day 16 Africa / Atlantic Slave Trade
Warm Up: Chant de Elegua
Extra Credit: Movie: Amistad, Episode I Roots
Homework:
Elegua is one of the principal orishas (Gods) of Yoruba. Elegua opens communication to other gods. Every Santeria Ceremony begins with this chant. Santeria is a mix of Yoruban religion and Catholicism

2. West Africa
Kingdom of Benin – craftsmen creating sophisticated bronze structures
Head of Queen Mother (circ. 16th century) …Craftman produced sophisticated Bronze structure…probably memorialized mother of king…note chocker of gold symbolic of wealth

3. Mali 1200-1450 Expanded trade to Atlantic
Mansa Musa (King of Kings) wealthiest ruler of his day

4. Trade Songhai- African Trade included Ivory, Gold, and Salt
Trans Saharan trade with Muslims
An Ivory head from the African Kingdom of Benin.

5. Causes of Atlantic Slave Trade
Slavery and indentured servitude in Africa
1400’s European demand low w/ discovery demand explodes
Small Pox destroys local population
Inability to escape
Colonial Plantations in the Caribbean used slave laborers to grow sugar cane. Freshly cut cane was crushed at windmills and then boiled to produce sugar and molasses. (Antigua and Barbados)

6. Trade Grew into a massive enterprise
40% in Brazil as compared to 4% in the Americas
African Merchants Cooperation
Triangular Trade
Manufactured Goods from Europe
Middle Passage (slaves)
- Sugar, Rum, Cotton, Tobacco from the Americas

7. Inhumane Treatment Hold below Deck (20% die)
Plantations, Mines or servants
Auctions
Cultural Resistance

8. Olaudah Equino
“ I was soon put down under the decks, and there I received such a salutation in my nostrils as I never experienced in my life; so that, with the loathsome stench, and crying together, I became so sick and low that I was not able to eat…but soon, to my grief, two of the white men offered me eatables; and on my refusing to eat, one of them held me fast by the hands, and laid me across…the windlass, while the other flogged me severely”
Eyewitness: The Negro in American history

9. Impact Resistance and Rebellion Draining of Africa’s human assets
Economic growth of region

10. African Influence in Caribe
Religion (Santeria, Voodoo)
Capueto (Brazil)
Words (fulano, mengana)
Influences on food and Music

11. Summary Questions What is the triangular trade?
What is the middle passage?
Why were Africans viewed as ideal laborers?
Name one product for each leg of the Triangular trade?