1. Subtitling

2.  Subtitles are textual versions of the dialogue in films and television programmes, usually displayed at the bottom of the screen. They can either be a form of written translation of a dialogue in a foreign language, or a written rendering of the dialogue in the same language. Subtitling is more than words on the screen, and it involves much more than simply translating words from one language to another. True subtitling denotes the adaptation of one set of cultural references and idiomatic phrases into those of another culture.  Subtitling is widely preferred by film connoisseurs as they believe that it is more important to hear the tone of voice of the original actors, rather than hear a less talented actor replacing their lines. Subtitling is also very useful when there is a requirement to present the translation of two languages at the same time.

3.  Subtitles are textual versions of the dialog or commentary in films, television programs, video games, and the like, usually displayed at the bottom of the screen. They can either be a form of written translation of a dialog in a foreign language, or a written rendering of the dialog in the same language, with or without added information to help viewers who are deaf and hard-of-hearing to follow the dialog, or people who cannot understand the spoken dialogue or who have accent recognition problems.

4.  Sometimes, mainly at film festivals, subtitles may be shown on a separate display below the screen, thus saving the film-maker from creating a subtitled copy for perhaps just one showing. Television subtitling for the deaf and hard-of-hearing is also referred to as closed captioning in some countries. More exceptional uses also include operas, such as Verdi's Aida, where sung lyrics in Italian are subtitled in English or in another local language outside the stage area on luminous screens for the audience to follow the storyline.  The word "subtitle" is the prefix "sub-" (below) followed by "title". In some cases, such as live opera, the dialog is displayed above the stage in what are referred to as "surtitles" ("sur-" for "above").