1. Some aspects of Present & Future US HEP EPS Conference: Aachen Hugh Montgomery July 19, 2003

2. US Particle Physics Planning Current Programs SLAC/FNAL HEPAP Subpanel Report, 2001-2 HEPAP-DoE Office of Science Facilities Linear Collider SLAC/FNAL Long Range Planning Long Range Accelerator R&D Perspective »Apologies to those programs slighted

3. Particle Astrophysics Experiments –GLAST –Future Options/Kavli Institute PEP II –BaBar Fixed target Program –E158 Electroweak,  -Z interference at low Q 2 Accelerator Physics – LC R&D –Advanced Accelerator Physics Detector R&D –LC R&D –EXO SLAC Experimental Physics

4. SLAC PEP II-Performance Turn-on November 15 after 4.5 month down. –Total PEP-II Delivered: 138/fb –Total BaBar Data sample: 131/fb Machine is working extremely well –Routinely performs at twice design luminosity Starting 2 month down Recent PEP-II Records –Peak luminosity = 6.6 x 10 33 cm - 2 s -1 –Best day 395.1/pb Restart in September for projected 10 month run

5. 46 abstracts  30 “new results” + (winter, spring) results  BaBar Abstracts to Summer Conferences:

6. The new narrow D sJ * + states

7. PEP-II Future Plans Machine Luminosity Improvements by 2006: –Peak luminosity: 2 x 10 34 cm -2 s -1 –Integrated luminosity: 500/fb Working on a path to: –Peak luminosity 4 x 10 34 cm -2 s -1 –Integrated luminosity 1-2/ab ….by end of decade

8. E158: Moeller Scattering: Preliminary Results sin 2  eff (Q 2 =0.025 GeV 2 ) = 0.2371 ± 0.0025 ±0.0027 A PV =-151.9  29.0  32.5 ppb

9. Future SLAC Program X-ray Experiments in FTTB HEP Synchrotron Radiation

10. Particle Astrophysics Experiments –Pierre Auger –Cold Dark Matter Search (CDMS II- Soudan) –Sloan Digital Sky Survey Flavor Physics –BTeV –CKM Fixed target Program –MIPP –E906(antiquark sea) –Test Beams Neutrino Physics –MINOS – Starts 2005 –MiniBooNE The Energy Frontier –CMS –Tevatron Collider- CDF, D0 FNAL Experimental Physics

11. Tevatron FY 2003 7/03 7/02 Best week(pb -1 ) 9.1 3.7 Typical week 6.5 2.4 Best luminosity 4.5 2.6 (10 31 cm -2 s -1 ) Stretch goal Base goal Total 275 pb -1 Delivered in Run II Total 190 pb -1 Delivered in FY2003

12. CDF: Charm Silicon Vertex Trigger selects huge charm signals!   (D  KK)/  (D  K  ) = (11.17±0.48±0.98)% (PDG: 10.83±0.27)   (D   )/  (D  K  ) = (3.37±0.20±0.16)% (PDG: 3.76±0.17)

13. CDF/D0: Electroweak Bosons CDF/DØ Preliminary 1.96 TeV

14. Top: DZero  - MT C Jet 1 IP SV IP SV Jet 1 Jet 2

15. Preliminary excluded masses of new particles in Run 2 (95% CL): Axigluon or Coloron Run 2: M <1130 GeV (Run 1: 980 GeV) Excited Quarks Run 2: M < 760 GeV (Run 1: 760 GeV) E6 Diquark Run 2: 280<M<420 GeV (Run 1: 290<M<420 GeV) CDF: High Mass Dijets

16. The Tevatron Collider Program Next physics results Top measurements W measurements Searches for supersymmetry, extra dimensions, etc. B, B s,  b, charm physics QCD

17. Tevatron Luminosity Projection

18. MiniBooNE MiniBooNE is designed to follow up on the LSND evidence of a    e oscillation at high  m 2, requiring a sterile neutrino The experiment is running well in its first year of operation. Program to decrease losses in the booster have made it possible to increase the flux.

19. MiniBooNE Beam Status Record number of POT is 3x that of 6 months ago. –Large fraction data sample collected in last few months. –New collimator installed this summer will enable the next boost in intensity ( * 2).

20. MINOS measure  m 2 and sin 2 (2  precisely 8x10 20 pot search for |U e3 | (8x10 20 pot)

21. Status of the NuMI Project Good progress on construction –Tunnels and Halls contract complete 11/22/02 –Surface Buildings and Outfitting contract ~40% done MINOS far detector installed and operating –Cosmic ray studies underway Within 30 minutes of MI multibatch studies, set an intensity record of ~2.5E13. Project is on schedule for beam commissioning in 12/04.

22. The LHC Program US-LHC accelerator –Project >80% complete on schedule, on budget IR Quadrupoles are well into production. –First complete Q2 (2 MQXB magnets) is a great success. –Second Q2 is complete. –5 more MQXB complete (half the production) –5 MQXA delivered from KEK. Planning the US accelerator research effort with BNL, LBNL

23. US-CMS Project >80% complete by earned value on schedule and budget baseline very successful Lehman review May, 2002 Planning the transition to the CMS research program. CMS software and computing project Maintenance and operations strong physics research center for the US participants

24. Fermilab Long-Range Schedule

25. HEPAP Subpanel Report 2002 “that the United States take steps to remain a world leader in the vital and exciting field of particle physics, through a broad program of research focused on the frontiers of matter, energy, space, and time.” The U.S. laboratories dedicated to High Energy Physics, have a special responsibility to develop the research facilities needed to implement that recommendation. “ that the U.S. participate in the linear collider, wherever it is built in the world, and that the U.S. prepare to bid to host such a facility.” Fermilab & SLAC are working within the framework of the international and US steering groups to develop a global project, and to work out what it would take to host such a facility in the US (at FNAL).

26. The US program 2010 Physics at the TeV Energy Scale Tevatron, LHC Neutrino and Lepton Flavor Physics FNAL(MI), BNL(MECO), Neutrino Mass(EXO?) Quark Flavor Physics and CP violation FNAL(BTeV, CKM), BNL(KOPIO), SLAC PEPII(I?) Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology –CDMSII(I?), Auger, GLAST, SNAP

27. DOE-OS HEP Facilities Report

28. Issues for the Future Linear Collider LC in US? Where? LC Offshore? LHC LHC Physics Program (Maintenance and Operations, Software & Computing, PHYSICS, upgrades) LHC Accel. R&D Program Neutrino Program Proton Driver? Quark Flavor Physics Resources

29. Issues for the Future Particle Astrophysics Accelerator Physics R&D Detector R&D US International Lab?

30. (N)LC RF R&D Activities and Plans Through 2004

31. At NLCTA in 2000, realized the 1.8 m long structures were being damaged during processing and would not meet performance at 65 MV/m. Aggressive R&D program –Built and tested traveling wave structures and standing wave structures. –Improved structure handling, cleaning and baking methods. –Studied characteristics of rf breakdown in structures, cavities and waveguides.  Have tested 20 structures made from a total of approximately 1000 cells.  Over 10,000 hr operation at 60 Hz.  10 9 rf pulses; a total of ~ 10 5 rf breakdown events. High-Gradient R&D T-Series Structures – 50 cm long low group velocity structures with high shunt impedance.

32. Focus is shifting to production of a 60 cm DDS baseline design. H60VG3_6C performs “acceptably” at 65 MV/m, but we can do better. To improve rf efficiency and provide more operating overhead, we will focus on the a/ = 0.17 version of this structure (H60VG3S17). The main goal for the next year is to have eight structures of this design operating at 65 MV/m in the NLCTA linac with power provided by the SLED-II, and to accumulate ~ 2000 hours of high-gradient operation. Fermilab and KEK will build structures for this “TRC R2” demonstration. We will continue to study two alternate possibilities that might provide dramatically better gradients: Standing-wave structures with low pulse temperature rise couplers. Structures with Mo and W irises (built by CERN). High-Gradient Plans

33. Linear Collider Upper levels of US government are reacting to the Subpanel recommendation on developing an international linear collider. –Steps to initiate government-government discussions –Discussion of increasing R&D –First funding to Universities for accelerator and detector R&D The International Linear Collider Steering Committee has been working to –Organise the linear collider as a global project; –Prepare for a technology decision process; –Establish a worldwide R&D effort

34. Linear Collider The US Linear Collider Steering Committee has been working to –Support R&D for University Community –Study relative costs, impacts, capabilities for U.S.- sited LC using either cold or warm technology In US: –Two sites are being considered consistent with consensus that site should be near an existing laboratory if possible. FNAL (Illinois) site California site

35. Linear Collider (FNAL view) FNAL strongly committed to being a full partner in a future LC FNAL is planning to –Build up accelerator R&D effort on LC (currently funding limited) –Build up a group to work with University groups doing R&D on accelerator and detector FNAL as a site for a future LC is being actively explored –Proposed by Director in 2001 –Strong base of expert manpower and infrastructure –Excellent locations nearby –Good geology –Good political environment

36. Linear Collider (SLAC view) SLAC strongly committed to being a full partner in a future LC SLAC will: –Continue strong accelerator R&D effort on LC Currently focused on warm technology Currently funding limited –Continue to build up detector R&D effort in conjunction with user community SLAC is supporting site studies involving both national (CA, FNAL) and international sites for the machine.

37. SLAC Long Range Planning Background The world HEP community has decided that the next large accelerator project after the LHC should be a high energy, high luminosity e+e- linear collider (LC). This will be a multi-billion dollar accelerator project with participation of major physics labs around the world. SLAC will be a major participant in the design, construction, operation and exploitation of this facility, independent of where it is sited and what technology is chosen. However the model for SLAC’s participation has not yet been determined. The PEP-II/BaBar program has an exciting future throughout this decade. The B physics program in the next decade will be shaped by what is learned in this decade and a next generation B factory is under consideration by the community and SLAC. SLAC, in partnership with the Physics and Applied Physics departments on campus, has started a new Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology. Building on the experience with GLAST, SLAC and the Institute will be participating in new major initiatives in particle astrophysics throughout this decade and into the future. As we look towards our future, what are the exciting physics opportunities for SLAC to be engaged in as we look forward to the next decade? Will they be on site, off site or in space? How do the projects we may be doing utilize the lab manpower and infrastructure? How does this depend on the LC technology choice and the siting of the linear collider?

38. SLAC Long Range Planning Goal This committee should prepare a white paper for the Laboratory Director entitled “Scenarios for the Future of SLAC”. It should look at what may be happening at SLAC in the next decade while an international LC is being built and operated. This paper should be completed by October 1, 2003. Information for it should be gathered in an open fashion involving the SLAC faculty, staff and users. There are many possible scenarios. These should be reduced to some illustrative examples that are examined in detail to provide a picture of the size and vitality of the laboratory.

39. SLAC Options Super B Factory –Search for new physics in flavor sector Expose new sources of CP violation at TeV scale Goal: 100 times the luminosity of current facilities –Joint venture with KEK –Machine in early R&D stages Ongoing technical R&D Development of the physics case Particle Astrophysics Post-GLAST LHC Upgrades Neutrinos Other on-site accelerator options

40. (From) Charge to the FNAL Long Range Planning Committee I would like the Long-range Planning Committee to develop in detail a few realistically achievable options for the Fermilab program in the next decade under each possible outcome for the linear collider. The goal in developing each option should be to optimize the opportunities available at Fermilab in this period for high energy physicists to answer the most important questions in our field. The options should be guided by the priorities for the field as laid out in the HEPAP Subpanel and in the HEPAP response to the Office of Science on the facilities plan. The committee should develop scenarios for each of the two cases spelled out by the HEPAP Subpanel. A linear collider project will be built here, starting late in this decade with international support and organization. The linear collider will be built offshore with substantial participation from U.S. High Energy Physics. In either case, you should make the following additional assumptions. Fermilab will have a central role in an active U.S. research program at the LHC, both as host of the US-CMS collaboration and as developer of accelerator upgrade plans. Fermilab will carry out the presently approved program of experiments following approval from the national program.

41. From “Neutrinos” Group Work Plan Overall Goal –Plan a Fermilab Neutrino Program that is capable of providing definitive measurements of the currently unmeasured neutrino oscillation parameters,  13, sign(  m 13 2 ) and  Specific Questions – The overall goal assumes that a program that is sufficiently powerful ….. will also provide a wealth of other oscillation and non-oscillation physics. The word capability … should be interpreted to include this.

42. From “Proton Driver” Group Work Plan Goals Understand and summarize the physics, operational, and technical arguments for constructing a new high intensity proton source at Fermilab (Proton driver). Summarize the arguments pro and con for the two options for a Proton Driver: –8 GeV Circular booster replacement –8 GeV Superconducting linear accelerator (same technology as Tesla) Define the steps including R&D program that would allow Fermilab to gain approval for such a machine. Summarize the funding, schedule, and manpower considerations Recommend a plan of action and a near-term level of laboratory effort that should be devoted to this task.

43. Beyond LHC and LC (US Accelerator R&D) Advanced Acceleration Techniques –Laser Acceleration, Plasma Acceleration VLHC R&D –Magnet R&D (too small) Muon Storage/Neutrino Factory –(too) Modest Multi Laboratory Effort –Excellent Reviews

44. Technical Progress - Hardware Targetry Ionization Cooling PROGRESS: -- Absorber designed -- Thin windows tested -- 5T solenoid for RF test built -- Two 805 MHz cavities built -- 34 MV/m achieved at 805 MHz -- RF tests in magnetic field  large dark currents&breakdown t = 0 0.75 ms 2 ms 7 ms 18 ms Carbon-rod & Hg-jet targets studied at BNL  -- Hg jet preferred because: x 2 pion yield May survive 4 MW proton beam -- Jet (2 m/s) remains intact for beam spill -- Fragments have small velocities BUT WE NEED TO: -- develop & test 20m/s jet -- test in higher intensity (x 4) AGS beam (needs AGS running in FY04) -- test in high-field solenoid + beam. Need target that can handle 4MW proton beamCooling channel components are demanding: -- Liq. H2 absorbers with thin windows -- 16 MV/m 200 MHz RF in multi-Tesla field BUT WE NEED -- Test area (back from bid) -- Absorber tests -- 200 MHz cavity (designed) -- magnet for 200 MHz test

45. Hardware Activities Tested Be-Windows for RF Cavities – LBNL Liq.H Absorber – KEK To be tested at FNAL Thin absorber windows Tested – new technique – ICAR Universities Bolometer detectors for Window Beam profile Measurements – U. Chicago 5T Cooling Channel Solenoid – LBNL & Open Cell NCRF Cavityoperated at Lab G – FNAL High-Gradient RF Tests in High Magnetic Field – FNAL 200 MHz SCRF Cavity for Acceleration – Cornell Studied Iris damage in 805 MHz cavity within multi-Tesla magnet

46. Perspective Present Programs, ( Tevatron Run II/CDF,D0 and PEP-II/BaBar, MINOS ……) are exciting through the decade LHC is a major piece of the future. Astroparticle physics is growing THE Issue is how to get the Linear Collider: –In the US? –At FNAL ?? What fits with the LC? –Flavor initiatives? –Neutrino Program?