1. Bertrand Russell Traditional Power Naked Power Revolutionary Power
Hereditary Power – “gentlemen”

2. Bertrand Russell Intellectual Power CEOs
Political Power – Machine/charisma

3. Bertrand Russell
Influencing individuals by power/rewards/influencing opinion
Pig/donkey/performing animals

4. Max Weber
“the probability that an actor in a social relationship will be in a position to carry out his own will despite resistance, regardless of the basis on which this probability rests”

5. Max Weber
“the chance of a man or a number of men to realize their own will even against the resistance of others who are participating in the action”
actual or hypothetical?

6. Robert Dahl “The Concept of Power”
“A has the power over B to the extent that he can get B to do something that B would not otherwise do”
A manipulate B to do same thing in different way? – run/jump

7. Steven Lukes “A Radical View”
Critique & all Weber/Dahl talking about is power over something else – behavioural
1-dimensional power

8. Bachrach & Baratz “Two Faces of Power”
“to the extent that a person or group – consciously or unconsciously – creates or reinforces barriers to the public airing of policy conflicts, that person or group has power”

9. Bachrach & Baratz Key issues Coercion/influence/authority/force/
manipulation
Controlling the agenda – government/media

10. Steven Lukes “A Radical View”
3rd dimension – “power can shape & modify beliefs & desires in way individuals do not want and against their interests”
“Who can control whom?”

11. Steven Lukes Make some more attractive at expense of others
Newspapers – cost or ban?
Communist societies – participation mass demonstrations/party membership

12. 1st Dimension Lukes, A Radical View Focus Behaviour Decision-making
Issues
Overt conflict
Subjective interests

13. 2nd Dimension Focus Decision/non-decision making
Issues & potential issues
Overt or covert conflict
Subjective interests

14. 3rd Dimension Focus Decision-making & control over agenda
Issues & potential issues
Overt,covert & latent conflict
Subjective & real interests

15. Conclusions Russell – multifaceted
Weber – recognise own will regardless of others
Dahl – control over someone else
Bachrach & Baratz – ability to control agenda
Lukes – control even if against interests

16. Conclusions 1-dimensional – behavioural
2-dimensional – decision/non-decision making
3-dimensional – decision making & control over agenda