1. The Cuban Missile Crisis

2. The United States and Latin America 1823 Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine – The US wishing to prevent any foreign power becoming involved in Latin America – after the collapse of the Spanish Empire

3. Soviet Global Policy Soviet foreign policy changes with the death of Stalin & the Soviet Union becomes interested in the Third World – backing national liberation movements Cuba perfect example - We did not know what type of revolution had taken place

4. Cuban Missile Crisis January 1959 victory of the Cuba Revolution As Cuban-US relations deteriorate Havanas relationship with Moscow improves Cuba perfect example of what Moscow hoped to achieve in the Third World

5. Cuban Missile Crisis Propaganda gold dust – Cold War at its height & due to shared history/geography with US

6. Cuban Missile Crisis April 1961 - Bay of Pigs Dec 1961 – Castro proclaims himself Marxist- Leninist

7. Deployment Summer 1962 missiles begin to be sent to Cuba Politburo divided Wanted to announce to world as fait accompli when at UN

8. 13 Days in October 14 th – photographs of missiles on Cuba 22 nd – Kennedy decides to blockade Cuba 24 th – Soviet ships turn back 24 th – message from Khrushchev saying must find peaceful solution 25 th – U2 spy plane shot down 26 th – 2 nd message from Khrushchev 28 th – agreement reached

9. ExComm Reasons Bargaining chip for Jupiters in Turkey Diverting trap – real goal was Berlin Rebalance Cold War Close Nuclear imbalance – cost Cuban defence

10. Excomm Options 3 possible options: (1)Attack Cuba (2)Trade missiles for those in Turkey (3)Quarantine Much pressure on JFK from hawks after Bay of Pigs 11 voted for quarantine/6 for invasion

11. Soviet Aims Idea came to Khrushchev while going for a walk in Bulgaria! (1)Nuclear parity – been proven by 1961 (2)Weapons in Turkey – 10 mins to hit Soviet Union but 20 mins to hit US (3)Virgin Land campaign – poor results

12. Soviet Aims (4) Reduce military spending – more bang for your buck on rumble for your rouble (5) Tension with China (6) Problems with the West – U2 & Vienna/Berlin

13. Soviet Aims (7) Believe JFK weak (8) Khrushchevs character (9) Cuban defence - another Bay of Pigs but 40,000 Soviet troops already on Cuba

14. Solutions What other options open to JFK & Khrushchev? – pressures from within own governments Both fought in World War 2

15. Analysis Nye – 3 ideas 1)Domestic level 2)International level – distribution of power 3)Military technology – relative standing in international system

16. Analysis Graham Allison – Essence of Decision. Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis Model I – security and stability Model II – Organisations within governments have own reasons Model III – Individuals with own reasons but careful consideration of political situation in own country

17. Outcomes Perceived as great humiliation for Soviet Union

18. Outcomes Eyeball to eyeball, they blinked first – Dean Rusk, US Secretary of State Hotline between Washington and Moscow created 1963 - Limited test Ban Treaty 1968 – Non Proliferation Treaty

19. Outcomes US promise not to invade Cuba – Monroe Doctrine dead 1963 Jupiter missiles in Turkey 1964 cost Khrushchev his job – overseas adventures

20. Conclusions Moscow takes decision to station nuclear weapons for a variety of different internal and foreign policy reasons – not just Cuban defence special relationship between Washington & Havana increases tension Nye - analysis Allison – Essence of Decision

21. Conclusions Perceived as humiliation for Moscow – cost Khrushchev his job Legacy for rest of Cold War Eyeball to eyeball, they blinked first.